Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings - Volume I.djvu/197

 *ica, The Virgin Forest, Savages preparing Curare Poison (1861); Festival of the Supreme Being (1864); The Mammoth, Quarrelsome Boatwomen (1867); Fishwives of Seguasson (1868); Death of Dupetit-Thouars, Travellers Annoyed by Mosquitoes (1869); Capture of an English Vessel, Death of Bisson (1870); Beginning of the Hunt (1873); Tardy Guests, Captain Pleville, A Spanish Palace (1874); The Avenger, Alsatian Exiles (1875); House to Let in Country (1876); Wrecked Passengers of the Lucie-Marguérite, Railway Compartment for Ladies only (1877); Captain Lacrosse's Oath, Vigil in Samoïs (1879); Savage Women Fishing (1881); Caricature Painter in Court, Classical Painter before his Model (1882).—Larousse, ii. 673; Meyer, Gesch., 690; Chronique des Arts (1882), 186.

BIBBIENA, BERNARDO DOVIZIO DA, Cardinal, portrait, Raphael, Madrid Museum; wood, H. 2 ft. 6 in. × 2 ft. A middle-*aged person, half-length, nearly full face, which is beardless; red cap, red collar, white sleeve resting on a stone balustrade. Long called Cardinal Granville, and by some Giulio de' Medici (Clement VII.). Painted in Rome about 1513. Cardinal Bibbiena was the intimate friend of Raphael, whose engagement to marry his niece Maria was ended by her premature death. Raphael's frescos of the history of Venus and Cupid in an apartment in the Vatican were executed for him. Replica in Palazzo Pitti; carried to Paris in 1799; returned in 1815. Engraved (Pitti) by Bedetti; Gruner.—Madrazo, Cat. descrip. é histor., 189, 341; Gal. du Pal. Pitti, iii. Pl. 97; Müntz, 283; Passavant, ii. 146; Springer, 253.

BIBBIENA, FERDINANDO, born in Bologna in 1657, died in 1743. Bolognese school; son of Gio. Maria Galli, called Bibbiena; pupil of Carlo Cignani. Devoted himself to architectural and perspective painting, and became the most celebrated decorative painter of his time. Honoured by all the princes of Europe; worked in Germany and in Spain, and decorated churches, palaces, and theatres in many Italian cities. He was the inventor of improvements in theatrical scenery and machinery. He painted also some excellent easel pictures, chiefly architectural and perspective views. In these the figures were usually painted by his brother Francesco (1659-1739), who was almost as noted and honoured throughout Europe as Ferdinand. Ferdinand left three sons, Alessandro (died about 1760), Antonio (1700-1774), who painted the chapel frescos in monochrome, in S. Giacomo Maggiore, and built the great theatre at Bologna (1756), and Giuseppe (1696-1756), all of whom followed his manner.—Lanzi, i. 177; Ch. Blanc, École bolonaise; Gualandi, Guida di Bologna, 94.

BIBBIENA, GIOVANNI MARIA, born at Bibbiena in 1625, died in 1665. Bolognese school. Real name Gio. Maria Galli, but commonly called Bibbiena, and same surname used by his descendants. Pupil of Francesco Albani; painted historical pictures, some of which are in churches in Bologna: e.g., St. Andrew adoring the Cross, S. M. dei Servi; Ascension, Campo Santo.—Lanzi, iii. 177; Ch. Blanc, École bolonaise; Gualandi, Guida, 88.

BICCI, LORENZO DI, born at Arezzo in 1350 (?), died in 1427. Florentine school; eldest of the three Biccis, being father of Bicci, and grandfather of Neri. No existing pictures; but in 1386 he was paid for paintings in the Duomo, Florence. The ceiling of the choir in S. Francesco, Assisi, assigned to Lorenzo by Vasari, is more probably by his son Bicci, with whom he is constantly confounded by that master. The frescos in the Cathedral at Prato representing scenes from the lives of SS. James and Margaret, and others from the life of S. Cecilia in the Carmine, Florence, are in an earlier style, and possibly by Lorenzo.—C. & C., Italy, ii. 28; Vasari, ed. Le Mon., ii. 225; ed. Mil., ii. 49; Lübke, Gesch. ital. Mal., i. 166.

BICCI, BICCI DI LORENZO DI, born in 1373, died at Arezzo, May 6, 1452 (?).