Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings - Volume I.djvu/109

 ARIOSTO, portrait, Titian (?), National Gallery, London; wood, transferred to canvas, H. 2 ft. 8-1/2 in. × 2 ft. Half length, in a crimson and purple dress; an open but sensual face, the hair falling in masses on the neck, one hand playing with a rose, the other holding a pair of gloves. Answers the description given by Ridolfi in 1646 of a picture in the Renier collection, Venice. Might have been painted by Pellegrino da San Daniele or Dosso Dossi (C. & C.). Acquired by National Gallery in 1860.—C. & C., Titian, i. 197; Ridolfi, Maraviglie, i. 210; Campori, Raccolta di Cataloghi, 442.

ARISTARETE, painter, daughter and pupil of Nearchus. Pliny (xxxv. 40, 43 [147]) says she was noted for her picture of Æsculapius.—Brunn, ii. 300.

ARISTIÆUS, painter, Thebes, Theban Attic school, father and master of Nicomachus, lived probably in the first part of the fourth century —Pliny xxxv. 36 [108]; Brunn, ii. 159.

ARISTIDES, Greek painter, of Thebes, Theban Attic school, brother and pupil of Nichomachus; pupil also of Euxenidas and master of Euphranor; probably about 376-336 Though hard as a colourist, he was an admirable draughtsman and master of the most subtile shades of expression. He rendered these with surpassing power in his Captured City, in which a mother was represented lying mortally wounded in a street, with her infant vainly striving to draw nourishment from her breast. Alexander the Great carried off this picture from Thebes to Pella. King Attalus of Pergamus offered 400 talents for his Dionysius, which Mummius carried from Corinth to Rome, and dedicated in the Temple of Ceres, where it was finally burned (31 ). Mnason, tyrant of Elatea, paid Aristides 1000 minæ for his picture of a Persian battle, which contained a hundred figures. Other pictures by him are mentioned by Pliny (xxxv. 36).—Brunn, ii. 171.

ARISTOBULUS, second-rate painter, of Syria.—Pliny, xxxv. 40 [146]; Brunn, ii. 286.

ARISTOCLEIDES, Greek painter, date unknown. Decorated Temple of Apollo at Delphi.—Pliny, xxxv. 40 [138]; R. R., Schorn, 225; Brunn, ii. 298.

ARISTODEMUS, painter, of Caria, about 200 Philostratus refers to him more especially as a writer on painting (Prooem. Icon. p. 3, Didot), but says he painted after the manner of Eumelus.—Brunn, ii. 309.

ARISTOLAUS, Greek painter, son and pupil of Pausias, about 308 Pliny says (xxxv. 40 [137]) his style was severe, and mentions among his works an Epaminondas, a Pericles, a Medea, a Theseus, an emblematical picture of the Athenian People, and a Sacrifice of Oxen.—Brunn, ii. 154.

ARISTOMACHUS or ARISTOMENES, painter, of Thasos. Vitruvius (iii. Prooem. 2) says through adverse circumstances he did not obtain renown equal to his merit. Among his works was a votive picture of three women, dedicated by them in the Temple of Aphrodite as a thank-offering for wedded happiness. He is called also Arimnes and Arimenes.—Varro de Ling. Lat., ix. 6, 12; Brunn, ii. 301.

ARISTOMENES. See Aristomachus.

ARISTON, Greek painter, of Thebes, son and pupil of Aristides. Only recorded work is a Satyr crowned with vine leaves, holding a goblet in his hand.—Pliny, xxxv. 36 [122]; Brunn, ii. 181.

ARISTONIDAS. See Mnasitimus.

ARISTOPHON, Greek painter, son of Aglaophon of Thasos and brother of Polygnotus, about 456 He was of the old Attic school, which knew nothing of perspective, foreshortening, or oppositions of light and shade, and painted in broad, flat tones, with only four colours, white, red, yellow, and black. His works were distinguished for their expressive qualities. He painted Philoctetes (Plut. De And. Poet. 3), and Ancæus wounded by the boar, subjects which gave opportunity for the display of his capacity for rendering what the Greeks call pathos, an all-pervading emotion of pain,