Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings - Volume I.djvu/105

 ARBASIA, CESARE, born at Saluzzo about middle of 16th century, died in 1614. Italo-Spanish school; employed in Spain, where he executed frescos for churches and palaces, in 1579-81-86; must have returned to Italy about 1595, as he was one of the originators and first members of the Accad. S. Luca in Rome, founded in that year. Later painted frescos in Saluzzo and neighbourhood, which, according to Mündler, suggest the manner of Federigo Zuccaro, and of B. Lanini.—Meyer, Künst. Lex., ii. 213; F. Quilliet, Arti Italiane in Ispagna (Rome, 1825), 33.

ARBELA, BATTLE OF, Albrecht Altdorfer, Munich Gallery; wood, H. 4 ft. 11 in. × 3 ft. 8 in.; signed, dated 1529. A spirited battle scene, with thousands of small figures on foot and mounted; in centre Alexander and Darius; background, a landscape with mountains and sea. Painted by order of Duke Wilhelm of Bavaria. Carried to France in 1800; at St. Cloud a favourite picture of Napoleon I.; returned in 1815.

By Charles Lebrun, Louvre, Paris; canvas, H. 15 ft. 5 in. × 41 ft. 4 in. According to Q. Curtius (IV.), the soldiers of Alexander saw, in the height of the battle, an eagle hovering over the head of Alexander, which Aristander, the chief sooth-*sayer of the king, pointed out as an infallible omen of victory. The Macedonians pressed on with renewed vigor, and Darius, who was mounted upon a lofty chariot, seeing all hope lost, sought safety in flight. Series of History of Alexander. Engraved by G. Audran (1674), D. Bertaux.—Filhol, iii. Pl. 151; Villot, Cat. Louvre.

ARBO, PETER NIKOLAI, born in Drammen, Norway, in 1831. History painter; pupil, in Copenhagen, of Helsted, then from 1852 at the Düsseldorf Academy under Karl Sohn; studied in Paris in 1861-70. He is a knight of the order of Vasa and director of the drawing school at Christiania. Works: The Walkyries, The Wild Chase, Asgard's Reigen, Christiania Gallery; Ingeborg, Bjarke's and Hjalte's Death, The Day, Scenes from the Thirty Years' War, do. from Time of Louis XIV., Battle of Waterloo.—Müller, 16.

ARBORELIUS, OLOF PER, born in Orsa, Dalecarlia, Nov. 4, 1842. Landscape painter, pupil of the Stockholm Academy, where he won in 1869 a prize and went in 1870 to Düsseldorf and later to Rome. Paints chiefly Swedish and Italian scenes. Works: Cliffs on Swedish Coast in a Storm (1874), Stockholm Museum; Scene from a Bear-Hunt.—Müller, 16.

ARCADIA, SHEPHERDS OF (Bergers d'Arcadie), Nicolas Poussin, Louvre, Paris; canvas, H. 2 ft. 9 in. × 4 ft. Allegory illustrative of the brevity of life. In the middle of a desert plain, with mountains in background, three shepherds and a young girl, in antique costume, have paused before a tomb shaded by trees; at left, the oldest, kneeling, points with his finger to the words cut in the stone: ET IN ARCADIA EGO. Collection of Louis XIV. Engraved by Picart le Romain; M. and A. Reindel. Repetition in Devonshire House, London, has tomb at one side. This engraved by Ravenet.—Filhol, ii. Pl. 109; Landon, Musée, vi. Pl. 37; Musée royal; Villot, Cat. Louvre.

ARCANGELO, ANDREA DI CIONE. See Orcagna.

ARCESILAUS, Greek painter, son of the sculptor Tisicrates, of Sicyon, about 286 Painted a picture of the Athenian general Leosthenes, which Pausanias (i. 1, 3) saw in the Piræus.—Pliny, xxxv. 40, 42 [146].

ARCESILAUS, Greek painter, of Paros, probably fifth century Said by Pliny (xxxv. 39 [122]), to have been, with Polygnotus, one of the earliest painters in encaustic. Perhaps identical with the sculptor, son of Aristodicus, on whom Simonides, wrote an epigram (Diog. Laer. Arces. xxi.). A painter of the same name is mentioned by Athenæus (x. p. 420), as a tutor of Apelles.—Brunn, ii. 55.

ARCHER, JAMES, born in Edinburgh in 1824. Genre and portrait painter;