Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings - Volume I.djvu/103

 Apollo and Marsyas, Raphael, Louvre, Paris.

his backgrounds in perspective, by connecting instead of juxtaposing tones, and by relieving the flat appearance of painted surfaces by a skilful use of light and shade. He is classed with Agatharchus as a skiographer or shadow painter. Pliny (xxxv. 36) says that he opened the doors of art through which Zeuxis entered, meaning that he discarded the flat tints and shadowless outlines in use by Polygnotus for blended and harmonious tints, chiaroscuro effects, and other modern pictorial artifices. Among his works were an Ajax of Locris on a ship struck by lightning, and a Priest Praying.—Brunn, ii. 51.
 * mical arrangement of figures, by treating

APOLLONIO, GIACOMO, born at Bassano in 1582-4, died there, Dec. 1, 1654. Venetian school; history and landscape painter, pupil of Girolamo and Giambattista Bassano, and a very happy imitator of their style. Works in Italian churches.—Meyer, Künst. Lex., ii. 178.

APOLLO, TEMPLE OF, Claude Lorrain, formerly at Leigh Court; canvas, H. 5 ft. 9 in. × 8 ft. 3 in.; signed, dated 1663. A mountainous, richly-wooded landscape, with sea in distance; in foreground, the Temple of Apollo, in which an ox is being sacrificed. One of the master's finest pictures. Liber Veritatis, No. 157. Formerly in Palazzo Altieri, Rome, with its companion, Landing of Æneas, which see, for history. Engraved in Miles Gallery, and by W. Woollet (1760). Sketches in British Museum and at Windsor.—Pattison, Claude Lorrain, 220, 232; Waagen, Treasures, iii. 180.

APPERT, EUGÉNE, born in Angers, France, Dec. 28, 1814, died at Cannes, March 8, 1867. History and genre painter, pupil of Ingres. Medal of the third class, 1844; honourable mention, 1855; Legion of Honour, 1859. Works: Sarah and the Poachers (1841); Nero gazing at the Corpse of Agrippina (1842); Vision of St. Ovens (1844), bought by State; Assumption (1845); Descent from Cross (1846); Death of St. Joseph (1847); An Amour (1850); An Informer (1852); Adoration of Magi (1853), belongs to State; Sisters of Charity in the Crimea (1855); Woman Spinning (1857); Sedaire cutting Stones, The False Scent (1861); Venice (1863); Pope Alexander III., Peonies (1864).—Meyer, Künst. Lex., ii. 187.

APPIAN, ADOLPHE, born in Lyons, France, in 1819. Landscape painter, pupil of Corot and Daubigny; belongs to the most recent school of French realists, who care more for play of light and shade and general effect than for the working out of details. Celebrated for his charcoal drawings. Works: Cattle Market (1865); Bois des Roches (1870); Environs of Monaco (1873), Luxembourg Museum; Luxembourg Souvenir (1873); Panton at Beaulieu (1874); Environs of Carquéranne (1883).—Meyer, Künst. Lex., ii. 187; Müller, 16.

APPIAN WAY IN THE TIME OF AUGUSTUS, G. R. C. Boulanger, Mrs. A. T. Stewart, New York; canvas. The Appian Way, with tombs and trees in background, and passing in front horsemen, chariots,