Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings (IA cyclopediaofpain04cham).pdf/98

 Grouchy (1833), of Generals Dumouriez (2), Marbot, and Vandamme, of Camille Desmoulins, Versailles Museum; Charles X., Aix Museum; Marshal Grouchy, Amiens Museum; Marshal Duc de Reggio, Nancy Museum.—Bellier, ii. 425.

ROUSSEAU, PHILIPPE, born in Paris, Feb. 22, 1816. Animal and landscape painter, pupil of Gros and of Bertin. Especially distinguished for his pictures of still-life in humorous relation to animals. Medals: 3d class, 1845; 1st class, 1848; 2d class, 1855; 1st class, 1878; L. of Honour, 1852; Officer, 1870. Works: Views in Normandy, etc. (1833-39); Post-Chaise (1841); City Rat and Field Rat (1845); Cat and Old Rat (1846); Mole and Rabbit, Flowers and Butterflies (1847); Farm-Yard (1848), Chartres Museum; Interior of Farm-House, Cat and Mouse (1849); Divided in Two (1850); Importunate (1850), Luxembourg Museum; Mother of a Family (1853); Kid browsing Flowers, Storks taking a Siesta, Two Punch and Judy Artists (1855); Rabbit hunted by Fox-Terriers, Resignation, Recreation, Farm-House in Savoy (1857); Gala Day (1859); Luncheon (1859), Valenciennes Museum; Household Music, Kitchen (1861); Rabbit and Frogs, Search for the Absolute (1863), Nantes Museum; Market in Olden Time (1864), Caen Museum; Every Man for Himself (1865); He makes his own Music, Autumn Flowers (1866); Chardin and his Models (1867); Rat retired from the World, Residence of Sir Walter Scott (1868); Summer, Autumn (1869); Fountain adorned with Flowers, First Plums and Last Cherries (1870); Springtime (1872); Mass (1873); Corpus Christi Day, Salad (1874); Cheeses, Wolf and Lamb (1875); Oysters, Poppies (1876); The Breakfast, Oh my Bagpipe! (1877); Tulips (1879); The Courtyard (1880); Future Stewed Rabbit (1881); Two Friends, Cheeses (1882); Victuals, Asparagus (1883); Chrysanthemums (1884); Rat retired from the World (1885), Luxembourg Museum; Esmeralda's Window, C. H. Wolff, Philadelphia; Peaches, Mrs. Wilstach, ib.—Bellier, ii. 430; Larousse; Claretie, Peintres (1874), 196; Meyer, Gesch., 714.

ROUSSEAU, (PIERRE ÉTIENNE) THÉODORE, born in Paris, April 15, 1812, died at Barbizon, near Fontainebleau, Dec. 22, 1867. Landscape painter, pupil of Rémond (1826) and of Lethière. Showed himself a true "naturalist" in his first picture (1826) and up to 1848—when his works, after being for thirteen years excluded from the Salon by the academical jury then abolished, were readmitted—fought the battle of naturalism with varying success. With Corot, Daubigny, Dupré, and Diaz, he founded the modern French school of landscape painting, of which he is one of the chief glories. Few if any have surpassed him in the rendering of atmospheric effects, in the ability to diffuse light and air throughout a landscape, and in the power of communicating to others the deep feelings excited by nature in a highly sensitive organization like his own. The Forest of Fontainebleau, where he spent many years of his life, supplied him with an inexhaustible mine of subjects, which he rendered with rare felicity. Always in more or less needy circumstances, he was at the last annoyed by an intrigue about the Officer's Cross of the Legion of Honour, and finally died of a broken heart. Medals: 3d class, 1834; 1st class, 1849, 1855; medal of honour, 1867; L. of Honour, 1852. Works: Signal Station on Montmartre (1826); Mountain View in Auvergne, Edge of the Woods in Compiègne, Herd of Cattle in the Jura Mountains (1835); An