Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings (IA cyclopediaofpain04cham).pdf/75

 Medals: 1866, 1867, 1870; medal of honour, 1870; 1st class, 1878; L. of Honour, 1873. Works: Roman Girl, Child kissing a Relic (1864); Warsaw on April 8, 1861 (1866); Old Women of the Piazza Navona (1867), Last Day of Corinth (1870), Luxembourg Museum; Danaids (1872); Charlotte Corday in Caen (1874); Pinel the Chief Physician of the Salpétrière in Paris (1876); Vauban giving his Plans for the Fortification of Belfort (1882); Mazarin and his Nieces (1883); Leda (1885); Musical Cardinal, Miss C. L. Wolfe, New York.—Larousse; D. Rundschau, xvi. 306; Zeitschr. f. b. K., xix. 259.

ROBERT THE PIOUS, EXCOMMUNICATION OF, Jean Paul Laurens, Luxembourg Museum; canvas, H. 4 ft. 10 in. × 7 ft. 2 in. Robert II., King of France (996-1031), married his cousin and was excommunicated, on his refusal to put her aside, by Gregory V., who declared that the union was in violation of canonical law. Abandoned by all his court he was finally (1001) forced to yield. Salon, 1875.

ROBERT DES RUINES. See Robert, Hubert.

ROBERTS, DAVID, born in Stockbridge, near Edinburgh, Oct. 24, 1796, died in London, Nov. 25, 1864. Landscape painter; apprenticed to a house-*painter and decorator in Edinburgh, then devoted himself to scene painting there (1816), as afterwards in London whither he went in 1822. First exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1826, a view of Rouen Cathedral, and then at the British Institute and the Society of British Artists, of which he was vice-*president. He visited Spain in 1832-33, and in 1835 exhibited his Cathedral at Burgos, in the Royal Academy, London. In 1838-39 he went to the East, whence he drew many fine subjects, and where he made a series of sketches, exhibited in London in 1840. Painted about 260 oil pictures. Elected A.R.A. in 1838 and R.A. in 1841. The sale of his sketches and drawings in June, 1865, realized £16,450. Works: Departure of the Israelites (1828); Interior of Old Buildings on the Darro, Entrance to Crypt of Roslyn Chapel, Báb-el-Mutaweller Gate at Cairo (1835), S. Kensington Museum; Ruins of Baalbec—Temple of the Sun (1840); Interior S. Miguel, Spain (1841); Burgos Cathedral (1835), Chancel of St. Paul at Antwerp (1848), National Gallery, London; Sunset in Rome, National Gallery, Edinburgh; Tyre; Sidon; Melrose Abbey (1844); Jerusalem; Church of the Nativity at Bethlehem; Fête Day at St. Peter's. Mr. Roberts published several series of lithographed sketches: The best known are "Sketches in the Holy Land and Syria" (1842); "Italy, Historical, Classical, and Picturesque" (1859).—Ballantyne, Life (London, 1866); Art Journal (1858), 201; (1865), 43; Sandby, ii. 169; Redgrave.

ROBERTSON, ANDREW, born in Aberdeen, Scotland, Oct. 14, 1777, died at Hampstead, England, Dec. 6, 1845. Miniature painter, pupil of Alexander Nasmyth; graduated at Aberdeen University in 1794. In 1801 he walked to London to see the exhibition and was noticed by Benjamin West, who sat to him for his portrait and advised him to study in the Academy schools. He painted the princesses at Windsor, the Prince Regent (1812), and was appointed miniature painter to the Duke of Sussex. He had pupils who became distinguished, and on his retirement in 1841 the miniature painters presented him with a piece of plate as the father of their profession. His elder brother Archibald went to New York in 1791, to practise portrait painting, and was