Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings (IA cyclopediaofpain04cham).pdf/492

 suffering great privations was brought into notice by his decoration of the Palazzo Mattei. Became a popular painter, and was buried near Raphael in the Pantheon. Among his best works are frescos of the Passion of Christ, in S. Consolazione, and a series representing the Glories of the Farnese Family, in the villa built by Cardinal Farnese at Caprasola.—Vasari, ed. Le Mon., xii. 104; Ch. Blanc, École ombrienne; Burckhardt, 186; Siret, 1030.

ZÜGEL, HEINRICH, born at Murrhard, Würtemberg, Oct. 22, 1850. Animal painter, pupil of Stuttgart Art School; studied in 1873 in Vienna, and settled in Munich. Works: Sheep in Alder Grove (1875), National Gallery, Berlin; Sheep-Shearing; Sheep-Washing; Span of Oxen (1875); Herd fleeing from Storm; Ploughing Oxen; Nobody at Home; Runaway Bull; Sheep and Lambs, Knoedler & Co., New York.—Müller, 575; Illustr. Zeitg. (1880), i. 129; Zeitschr. f. b. K., xiii. 128.

ZÜND, ROBERT, born at Lucerne, Switzerland, in 1827. Landscape painter; excels in representing the poetry of the woods, and, by a silvery tone, imparts a peculiar charm to his landscapes, which are generally supplied with biblical figures. Lives at Lucerne. Works: The Harvest, Prodigal Son tending Swine, View near Lucerne, On Lake of Lucerne, Basle Museum; Autumn in the Woods (figures by Rudolf Koller), Berne Museum; Near the Battle Chapel of Sempach, Oakwood, Zürich Gallery.

ZURBARAN, FRANCISCO (DE), born at Fuente de Cantos, Estremadura, Nov. 7, 1598, died in Madrid in 1662. Spanish school; son of simple labourers; pupil of Juan de las Roelas, afterwards imitated style of Caravaggio, whence called the Spanish Caravaggio. In 1625 he painted a series of scenes from the life of St. Peter for the Chapel of S. Pedro, Cathedral of Seville, and about the same time his Glory of St. Thomas Aquinas, his best work, now in the Seville Museum. In 1633 he signed himself painter to the king—an honour which he shared with Velasquez. He painted in 1650 the Labours of Hercules, in ten pictures, for the palace of Buen Retiro, now in the Madrid Museum. Zurbaran painted several large compositions, but preferred simple ones requiring but few figures, and generally religious subjects, especially those displaying the rigours and austerities of monastic life. He is the painter of monks, as Raphael is of Madonnas. Other works: Miracle of St. Hugo, St. Bruno before Urban II., Madonna de las Cuevas, Two Dominicans, Seville Museum; Sleep of Jesus, Vision of S. Pedro Nolasco, Apparition of St. Peter to S. Pedro Nolasco, St. Casilda, Madrid Museum; Annunciation, Adoration of Shepherds, Adoration of Magi, Circumcision, Montpensier Gallery, Seville; SS. Peter Nolasco and Raymond de Pegnafort, Funeral of a Bishop, St. Apollina, Louvre; Franciscan Monk, National Gallery, London; Holy Family, Suermondt Museum, Aix-la-Chapelle; Christ after the Scourging, St. Bonaventura, Museum, Berlin; Madonna adored by Monks, Raczynski Gallery, ib.; St. Cœlestine declining the Papal Crown, Dresden Museum; St. Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy, Old Pinakothek, Munich.—Stirling, ii. 767; Viardot, 75; Ch. Blanc,