Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings (IA cyclopediaofpain04cham).pdf/417

 contemporaries. History painters in Brussels, with an archaic tendency in opposition to the realism of the day. Order of Leopold. Works by Albert: Charles V. at San Yuste; Jacobea of Bavaria interceding for her Husband; Pope Paul III. before Luther's Portrait (Munich Exhibition, 1883). Works by Julian: St. Elizabeth expelled by Inhabitants of Eisenach; Last Days of Virgin in Jerusalem, Palace Guard under Kings of Judea, St. Cecilia in Prison (Munich Exhibition, 1883).—Müller, 541; Kunst-Chronik, xix. 313.

VRIENDT, FRANS DE. See Floris.

VRIES, ABRAHAM DE, born at Rotterdam, died at The Hague before or in 1662. Dutch school; portrait painter, active at Amsterdam about 1632, when he appears to have been influenced by Dirck van Santvoort and Thomas de Keyser, while afterwards he followed the manner of Rembrandt. Registered in the guild at The Hague in 1644. Works: Portrait of David de Moor (1640), Amsterdam Museum; Portrait of a Burgomaster (1639), do. of Old Lady (1644), Rotterdam Museum; Portrait, Berlin Museum; Lady in Mourning (1692), Old Pinakothek, Munich.—Meyer, Gemälde königl. Mus., 515; Zeitschr. f. b. K., xviii. 346.

VRIES, ADRIAAN DE, born in The Hague in 1601, died after 1643. Dutch school; portrait painter. The frequently false signatures upon his pictures have robbed him of well-deserved fame. Rubens and Van Dyck, who were his friends, highly esteemed his talent. Works: Portraits in Leyden, Gotha (1643), Dresden (1639), New York, and Vienna Museums, and Schleissheim Gallery.—Gaz. des B. Arts (1872), vi. 479; Kramm, vi. 1803.

VRIES, JAN FREDEMAN DE, born at Leeuwarden in 1527, died in 1608. Dutch school; architecture painter. First apprenticed for five years to the glass painter, Reyer Gerritszen, in Amsterdam. Being employed in 1569 on the triumphal arch for the entry of Charles V. into Antwerp, he was led to study the works of Vitruvius and Serlio. He then painted in Mechlin, Frankfort, Brunswick, Prague, Hamburg, Dantzic, etc., many fine perspective views, enlivened with well-drawn figures. His compositions are ingenious and varied, and treated in a delicate, clear tone. Works: Ave Maria in a House Interior, Mr. Robinson's Collection, London; Interior of Antwerp Cathedral (figures by Peeter Brueghel, the elder), Kunsthalle, Hamburg; Interior of Cathedral at Aix-la-Chapelle, Stuttgart Museum; Gothic Church Interior, Architectural Pieces (4, two dated 1596), Vienna Museum; Allegories, Town Hall, Dantzic.—Immerzeel, iii. 210; Kramm, vi. 1804; Kugler (Crowe), i. 262; Engerth, Belved. Gal., ii. 540.

VRIES, ROELOF (or Reinier) DE, 17th century. Dutch school; landscape painter, in the manner of Jacob van Ruisdael, perhaps his pupil; flourished at Haarlem about 1643-69. Works: The Hunt (with Barend Graat), Pigeon House, Coursing, New York Museum; Stag Hunt, Brussels Museum; Rustic Mansion, Amsterdam Museum; A Herd, Hague Museum; Castle Ruins on a River, Copenhagen Gallery; Wooded Landscape, Brunswick Gallery; Ruins on the Water, Tower by Woods, Wooded Landscape with Herd, Berlin Museum; Mill in the Woods, Old Pinakothek, Munich. Others in Städel Gallery, Frankfort (4); Augsburg Gallery; Kunsthalle, Hamburg; Ferdinandeum, Innsbruck (?); Leipsic Museum (?); Schleissheim Gallery; Harrach, and Liechtenstein Galleries, Vienna; Turin Gallery (3).—Archief vor nederl. Kunstgesch., ii. 80; Meyer, Gemälde königl. Mus., 516; De Stuers, 180; Zeitschr. f. b. K., vii. 278.

VROMANS, NICOLAAS, called the Snake Painter, born 1655 (?) or 1660, died 1719. Dutch school; painted plants and shrubbery, with frogs, snakes, mice, spiders, etc., with