Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings (IA cyclopediaofpain04cham).pdf/246

 above, Christ, the Father, and St. Michael. Beside Stephen is a book crushed by stones, which have torn out one of its leaves; typical of the blind rage of the Jews, who violated their own law in murdering Stephen.—Ruskin, Stones of Venice, iii. 303; Zanotto, 633.

Martyrdom of St. Stephen, Charles Lebrun, Louvre.

Subject treated also by Pietro da Cortona, Hermitage, St. Petersburg; Annibale Carracci, Louvre, Paris; Rubens, Valenciennes Museum; Bernardo Gaddi, S. Croce, Florence; Giulio Romano, S. Stefano, Genoa; Domenichino, National Gallery, London; Domenico Passignani, S. Spirito, Florence; Albrecht Altdorfer, Maurice Chapel, Nuremberg; Guercino, Dresden Museum; Alessandro Turchi, ib.; Ludovico Cigoli, Uffizi, Florence; Bartholomeus Brunbergh, Louvre; Eustache Lesueur, Hermitage, St. Petersburg; Eugène Delacroix (1853), Arras Museum; Alphonse Legros (1866), Avranches Museum; Jean Baptiste Pierre, Marseilles Museum.

STERN, IGNAZ, called Stella, born at Ingolstadt in 1698, died in Rome in 1746. Italian school; history painter, pupil of Cignani in Bologna. Resided later in Rome. Works: Madonna and Cherubim, do. and St. John, Germanic Museum, Nuremberg; Madonna and Child, Vienna Museum; Annunciation, Church of Annunciation, Piacenza; several altarpieces, St. Elizabeth's, Rome.

STETTEN, KARL VON, born at Augsburg; contemporary. History and portrait painter, pupil of Jules Lefebvre, Boulanger, Courtois, and Dagnan. Studio in Paris. Works: Death of Cleobis and Biton (1884); The Evening (1885); Portraits (1886).

STEUBEN, ALEXANDRE JOSEPH, Baron de, born in Paris, June 22, 1814, died there, June 7, 1862. Figure and portrait painter, son and pupil of Charles de Steuben, and pupil of Ingres. He spent ten years in Russia, where he painted for the Cathedral of St. Isaac, by order of the emperor, Jacob blessing his Children. He lived also three years in Rome. Medal, 3d class, 1840. Works: Rubens (1840); Episode of the Youth of Milton (1842); Bath at the Fountain, Women of the Environs of Rome (1845).—Bellier, ii. 526.

STEUBEN, CHARLES, Baron de, born at Bauerbach, Baden, April 19, 1788, died in Paris, Nov. 21, 1856. French school; history and portrait painter, son of an officer in the Russian service, pupil of St. Petersburg Academy, and in Paris of Gérard, Robert Lefebvre, and Prudhon. Member St. Petersburg Academy, 1833. Director of drawing in Paris Polytechnic