Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings (IA cyclopediaofpain04cham).pdf/238

 STARKENBORGH, JACOBUS NICOLAAS, Baron TJARDA VAN, born at Wehe, Gröningen, in 1822. Landscape painter, self-taught; studied old Dutch masters until 1849, when he visited America. Settled in Düsseldorf in 1852, whence he made sketching tours to Thuringia, Switzerland, and England. Member of Amsterdam Academy. Medals: The Hague, 1857, Lyons, 1865. Works: Invitation to Kirmess; Harvest; Water Mill.—Müller, 502.

STAR OF EMPIRE, Emanuel Leutze, Capitol at Washington; mural painting on staircase landing, House of Representatives. "Westward the star of empire takes its way." Represents an emigrant train cross-the Rocky Mountains. Painted in 18—, for $20,000.

STARK, JOSEF (AUGUST), born at Gratz, Styria, March 6, 1782, died there, July 23, 1838. History and portrait painter, pupil of Vienna Academy under Maurer, then under Caucig and Lampi; became director of the Gratz Academy in 1817, and of the newly erected gallery in 1819. Visited Italy in 1817 and 1826. Works: Susanna at the Bath (1816); Maximilian I. on the Martin Wall, Magdalen in the Desert (1826); Cimon taking his Father's Place in Prison (1828); Hylas and the Nymphs (1832); Baumkirchner defending the Neustadt Gate at Gratz in 1452, Venus, Count Attems, Gratz; St. John the Baptist, Chapel of the Joanneum, ib.; Christ bearing the Cross, City Parish Church, ib.; Christ in the Temple, Chapel of the former Ferdinandeum, ib.—Hormayr's Archiv (1822), 696; (1823), 724; (1827), 179; Wurzbach, xxxvi. 217.

STARNINA, GHERARDO, born in Florence in 1354 (?), died there in 1408 (?). Florentine school; pupil of Antonio Veneziano, with whom he spent some years; settled in Florence, where, in spite of rude manners and a hot temper, he found patrons. In 1378 he became involved in the disturbances of the Ciompi, and fled for his life to Spain, where he acquired wealth in the exercise of his art. In 1387 he was again in Florence and took the freedom of the painters' company, appearing as Gherardo d' Jacopo Starna. He was painting there in 1406, after which there is no trace of him. None of the pictures attributed to him by Vasari remain, though some of the frescos in the Chapel of the Duomo at Prato, a series completed by Antonio Vite, the pupil of Starnina, may be his work.—C. & C., Italy, i. 493; Vasari, ed. Le Mon., ii. 177; ed. Mil., ii. 5; Burckhardt, 491, 497.

STARVATION COVE (Bai des Todes, Bay of Death), Julius von Payer; canvas, H. 12 ft. × 14 ft. The final scene in Sir John Franklin's Polar expedition; one of a series of four pictures projected by the painter. Seven of the last survivors lie dead in their boat, which is seen in its whole length in the moonlight; Captain Crozier, the only living one, bareheaded and musket in hand, is leaning forward fixedly watching a bear, whose head is seen at right watching the corpses; in the distance, two other bears; at left, an expanse of ice. Painted in 1883.—London Times, Jan. 29, 1884; Kunst-Chronik, xix. 110, 123, 157; xx. 335; Allgem. K. C., viii. 601.

STATTLER, ALBERT CORNEL, born in Cracow in 1800, died in Rome after 1870. History and portrait painter, pupil of Lampi in Vienna, and in 1817 of St. Luke's Academy in Rome, where he was influenced by Canova and Thorwaldsen, later by Overbeck, Joseph Hyzler, and Joseph Craffonara. Painted portraits of Czartoryski family in Vienna; became professor in Cracow in 1831; soon after 1850 settled in Rome. Gold medal, Paris, 1844. Works: Moses on Mt. Sinai, Abel, Holy Family, St. Joachim with SS. Anna and Mary, Cracow; Maccabees; Madonna and Angels; Madonna di Neve; Crucifixion; Baptism of Christ; Madonna surrounded by Angels; Holy Family (1870); and many portraits.—Wurzbach, xxxvii. 242.

STAVEREN, JOHAN ADRIAENSZ VAN, born at Leyden, died there after 1668.