Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings (IA cyclopediaofpain03cham).pdf/506

 Austria, in 1881 or 1882. Marine painter, self-taught, studying nature in Hungary, and in 1846 in Italy; spent one year in Rome and returned to Vienna, where he obtained many orders; has visited South America, the islands of the Pacific, and travelled through nearly the whole continent of North America. Court painter in 1865. Works: Storm and Shipwreck at Cape Horn (1854), Vienna Museum; In the Lagoons of Venice (1857); Naval Battle off Helgoland (1864); do. off Lissa (1866); Moonlight on Coast; Ship in Breakers; Lake of Hallstadt; Shipwrecked People; Stormy Evening on Traun Lake; Coast of Normandy (1873); Coast of Sorrento.—Wurzbach, xxiv. 58.

PUVIS DE CHAVANNES, PIERRE, born in Lyons, Dec. 14, 1824. History and genre painter, pupil of Henri Scheffer and of Couture. Leaving the beaten track, he sought to revive the monumental painting of the Renaissance. His works, though wanting in organic cohesion, precise drawing, energetic modelling, and colour, are redeemed by a certain grandeur, clearness of thought, and novelty of invention. Like all would-be reformers, this painter has been heartily abused by the critics and excessively praised by his admirers. Medals: 2d class, 1861; medal, 1864; 3d class, 1867; of honour, 1882; L. of Honour, 1867; Officer, 1877. Works: Return from Chase (1859), Marseilles Museum; Work, Rest (1863); Autumn (1864); Peace, War (1861); Ave Picardia Nutrix (1865), Amiens Museum; Vigilance, Fancy (1866); Sleep (1867); Massilia the Greek Colony, Marseilles the Gate of the East (1869), Marseilles Museum; Beheading of John Baptist, Magdalen in Desert (1870); Hope (1872); Summer (1873), Chartres Museum; Charles Martel Saviour of Christendom (1874), Poitiers Museum; Radegonda protecting Poetry and Literature from Barbarism (1875), Hotel de Ville, Poitiers; St. Geneviève as a Child, St. Germain, and St. Geneviève, Pantheon, Paris; Fisherman's Family (1876); Prodigal Son, Girls by Sea-Shore (1879); Poor Fisherman (1881); Young Men of Picardy practising with Lance (1882); Dream (1883); The Sacred Grove (1884); Autumn (1885); Antique Vision, Christian Inspiration, The Rhône and the Saône (1886).—Bellier, ii. 327; Claretie, Peintres, v. 189; Hamerton, Painting in France; Gaz. des B. Arts (1876), xiii. 694; Ch. Blanc, Artistes de mon Temps, 475; Meyer, Gesch., 613; Mag. of Art (1885), 61.

PUYROCHE, ELISE, née Wagner, born in Dresden, March 31, 1828. Flower painter, sister of Adelheid Salles, pupil at Lyons, where she resides, of Simon St. Jean, whose harmony of colour she acquired, surpassing him in modelling and tasteful arrangement. In the Dresden Museum is by her: The Torn Wreath (1850).—Gaz. des B. Arts (1860).

PYNACKER, ADAM, born at Pynacker, near Delft, in 1621, died in Amsterdam, buried March 28, 1673. Dutch school; landscape painter, went to Italy very young and remained there three years. He approaches Jan Both, and while inferior to him in the taste and grandeur of his conception of Italian nature, surpasses him in variety. Works: Landscapes (4), Historical Society, New York; Rocky Coast on Mediterranean, Mr. Munro, London; Lofty Bridge Sunlit, Mr. Baring, ib.; Recesses of a Forest, National Gallery, Edinburgh; Sea Coast with Tower and Vessels, Muleteer before Tavern, Land