Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings (IA cyclopediaofpain03cham).pdf/480

 Suitors, in the portico of the Temple of Athena Areia at Platæa, and adorned the Lesche of the Cnidians at Delphi with a series of pictures representing the Trojan War and the adventures of Ulysses (Paus., x. 25-31). Polygnotus made so great an advance over the artists who had preceded him that Theophrastus ascribed to him the invention of painting (Pliny, vii. 57). Pliny says (xxxv. 35) that he gave expression to both faces and figures, and elegance and variety to draperies, his work being in strong contrast to the stiff attitudes and rigid draperies of the earlier painters. Lucian (De Imag., 7) gives him similar praise, and Aristotle says (Poet., 2) that Polygnotus represented men better than they are, meaning that he idealized his characters. Cicero records (Brut., 18) that he was one of those who painted with four colours only, but according to Pliny (xxxiii. 56, xxxv. 25) he and Micon introduced new pigments. We learn from the latter also (xxxv. 39, 40) that he worked both with the cestrum and with the hair pencil.—Paus., x. 25-31; Bött., 274-291; Hermann, Epikritische Betrachtungen über die Polygnotischen Gemälde (Göttingen, 1849); Lenormant, Mémoire sur les peintures que Polygnote avait exécutée dans la Lesché de Delphes, Mémoire de l'Acad. royale de Belgique (Brussels, 1864), xxxiv., and works there cited; Sillig, 361.

POLYIDUS, painter, musician, and poet, about 396 —Diod. Sic., xiv. 46.

POMERANCE or POMERANCIO. See Roncalli, Cristoforo.

POMPEIAN DANCE, Joseph Coomans, George Hoadley, Cincinnati; canvas. A Pompeian girl dancing to the music of pipes played by a youth reclining upon a sculptured marble slab, at the base of which sits another girl with a tambourine, holding in her lap the head of a rose-crowned boy, who, stretched on a leopard's skin, plays the cymbals; at right, an open court, with fountain and ladies sitting. Painted in 1878. Photogravure in Art Treasures of America.

By Joseph Coomans, John Hoey, New York. A Pompeian girl of twelve dancing, with her tambourine above her head, surrounded by a ring of romping boys, crowned with ivy or wreathed with garlands, one of whom has tumbled over upon his back; at right, the mother reclining, a harp-girl sitting, and another maiden standing. Photogravure in Art Treasures of America, ii. 81.

PONCET, JEAN BAPTISTE, born at Saint-Laurent de Mures (Isère); contemporary. History and portrait painter, pupil of Hippolyte Flandrin, whom he assisted for nine years in his works in the Church d'Ainay at Lyons, and in Saint-Germain-des-Près at Paris, the latter of which he was commissioned to engrave after Flandrin's death. Medal, 3d class, 1861; medal, 1865. Works: Toilet of Phryne, Young Flute-Player by the Sea (1861); Portrait of Flandrin (1863), Lyons Museum; Orpheus on Mount Rhodope (1864), Villefranche Museum; Christ appearing to Magdalen (1866), Noyon Cathedral; Ariadne crowned by Bacchus, Noli me tangere (1870); Night (1884).—Bellier, ii. 295.

PONCHINO. See Bazacco.

PONTE, DA. See Bassano.

PONTORMO, JACOPO DA, born at Pontormo, May 25 or 26, 1494, died in Florence, buried Jan. 2, 1557. Florentine school; real name Jacopo Carucci, son of Bartolommeo Carucci, a mediocre painter. Studied under Leonardo da Vinci, Albertinelli, Pier di Cosimo, and Andrea del Sarto. His early efforts are said to have been praised by Michelangelo, who prophesied that if Pontormo continued as he had begun he would carry painting to its highest perfection. But Pontormo did not realize his hopes. Though he worked sometimes, like Sebastian del Piombo, from