Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings (IA cyclopediaofpain03cham).pdf/471

 *toinette in the Temple; Lithuanian Grain-*shippers; Baptism of the Fox, etc.

PIPPI, GIULIO. See Giulio Romano.

PIRÆICUS (Pyreicus), painter, probably close of 4th century b.c. He painted low subjects, such as barbers' shops and cobblers' stalls, but so skilfully that his works brought higher prices than the largest works of many masters.—Pliny, xxxv. 37 [112]; Brunn, ii. 259.

PISANO, GIUNTA. See Giunta Pisano.

PISANO, VITTORE, born at S. Vigilio, on the Lago di Garda, about 1380 (?), died in March, 1456. Venetian school (of Verona); sometimes called Pisanello. Vasari says he was the pupil of Andrea del Castagno in Florence, but the statement is doubtful. Wherever he was educated, he appears to have settled early at Verona. Between 1417-22 he painted the story of Otho, a fresco in the Sala del Gran Consiglio, Venice, and also decorated some rooms in the Castle of Pavia. His fame as a portrait painter was considerable, and in 1435 he painted Nicholas III., Duke of Ferrara. Having completed the series of pictures in S. Giovanni Laterano, Rome, begun by Gentile da Fabriano, he settled permanently at Verona; he appears to have painted also at Mantua. He was noted among his contemporaries for his portraits, scenery, birds, and quadrupeds; but he is now known principally as a medallist. Still, he must be regarded as one of the most original and remarkable painters of the 15th century, who did not come at all under Mantegna's influence. Works: Annunciation (fresco), S. Fermo Maggiore, Verona; Portrait of Lionello d'Este, Galleria Costabili, Ferrara; Madonna with Saints, ib.; Madonna, Gallery, Verona; St. George and the Dragon, S. Anastasia, ib. Frescos: S. Maria della Scala; SS. Anthony and George, National Gallery, London; Adoration of the Magi, Berlin Museum.—C. & C., N. Italy, i. 450; Vasari, ed. Mil., iii. 8, 23; ed. Le Mon., iv. 152; Bernasconi, 59; Burckhardt, 588, 605; Lübke, Gesch. ital. Mal., i. 479.

PISTORIUS, EDUARD, born in Berlin, Feb. 28, 1796, died at Karlsbad, Aug. 20, 1862. Genre painter, pupil of Willich, then of Berlin Academy; studied in 1818-19 in Dresden, and after a visit to the Netherlands, in 1827-29, in Düsseldorf; returned to Berlin in 1830, and became member of the Academy in 1833. Works: Bowling Alley; Old Man, Old Woman (1824), Geography Lesson, Toilet (1827), Artist's Studio (1828), Village Fiddler (1831), Sound Sleep (1839), National Gallery, Berlin; Reading the Bible, Amsterdam Museum; Village Fiddler (1833), Cooper at the Cask (1834), Königsberg Museum.—Grosse, 176; Kugler, Kl. Schr., iii. 168; Rosenberg, Berl. Malersch., 169; Wiegmann, 270.

PIXIS, THEODOR, born at Kaiserslautern, July 1, 1831. Genre painter and illustrator, pupil of Munich Academy under Philip Foltz and Kaulbach, then spent two years in Italy and later visited the mountainous districts of Germany; painted at first historical subjects. Works: Huss taking Farewell of his Friends (1856), Berne Museum; Pictures from Gudrun Saga (1857-59); Skaters; City Dandy on the Alp; Woman from Black Forest; Enjoyment of Nature; Before and After the Ball; Thwarted Departure and Doubtful Arrival; Moltke in the Black Forest; Scene from Life of Travelling Actors. In fresco: Coronation of Charles X. of Sweden, Crossing the Belt, Charles XI. in Battle of Lund (1860-62), National Museum, Munich; Calvin's Last Conversation with Michael Servetus (1861).—Müller, 420; Illustr. Zeitg. (1872), i. 303; ii. 38.

PIZZOLO, NICCOLÒ, 15th century. Paduan school; pupil of Squarcione, co-*labourer with Mantegna in the Eremitani, where he painted the Eternal amidst Saints,