Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings (IA cyclopediaofpain03cham).pdf/411

 PAN AND SYRINX, Rubens, Buckingham Palace; wood, H. 1 ft. 8 in. × 2 ft. 2 in. Pan pursuing the nymph Syrinx, who is seeking shelter among a cluster of reeds in a stream; background, a woody landscape. Collection of W. Porter (1810), 1,000 guineas.—Smith, ii. 220; Waagen, Treasures, ii. 2.

PANÆNUS, painter, brother or nephew of Phidias, about middle of 5th century B.C. Strabo says (viii., iii. 30) that he aided Phidias in ornamenting his statue of Zeus at Olympia with colour, and that many admirable pictures of his were shown around the temple. From Pausanias (v. 11) we learn that the following subjects were represented on three sides of the parapet about the base of the statue: Atlas with the Earth on his Shoulders; Theseus and Peirithoüs; Hellas and Salamis; Hercules overcoming the Nemean Lion; Ajax insulting Cassandra; Hippodameia; Prometheus Bound; Penthesilia Expiring; and two of the Hesperides with the Golden Apples. Pausanias (i. 15) also describes a large picture in the Pœcile at Athens, representing the Battle of Marathon, which Pliny says (xxxv. 34 [57]) was the work of Panænus, though ascribed by others to Micon.—Böttiger, Arch. d. Malerei, 243-251.

PANETTI, DOMENICO DI GASPARO, born in Ferrara about 1460, died in 1511-12. Lombard-Ferrarese school; first efforts dry and feeble; was the early master of Garofalo, but became his pupil when the latter returned from Rome (1591), bringing with him the style of Raphael. In Panetti's later works he resembles Costa in his Umbrian phase. Works: Madonna, Duomo, Ferrara; Dead Christ and the Marys, Berlin Museum; Annunciation and Visitation, Ferrara Gallery; Organ Shutters, S. Andrea, Ferrara; St. Andrew, Ferrara Gallery; Pietà, Berlin Museum.—C. & C., N. Italy, i. 552; Vasari, ed. Mil., vi. 458; Cittadella, Doc., etc., Art. Ferrarese, 46; Lübke, Gesch. ital. Mal., i. 485.

PANICALE. See Masolino.

School of Pan, Luca Signorelli, Palazzo Corsi, Florence.

PANNINI, GIOVANNI PAOLO, born at Piacenza about 1695, died in Rome, Oct. 21, 1768. Roman school; pupil in Rome of Benedetto Luti and of Andrea Lucatelli; painted many remains of ancient edifices in and around Rome. Member of Roman Academy and of French Institute (1732). Neither his interiors nor his exteriors can be depended on for accuracy, as he treated them simply as material for picturesque effect, sometimes even combining parts of different edifices and introducing imaginary accessories. Looked at, however, from the painter's point of view, Pannini's pictures are often strikingly ef