Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings (IA cyclopediaofpain03cham).pdf/410

 Roman school; name appears in the list of the Ghibellines of Gubbio in 1315; painted before 1337 in S. M. de' Laici, Gubbio, and in 1342 in the Palazzo del Comune. On one of the outer walls of the church are the remains of a life-size St. Anthony, and another fragment, which may be by Palmerucci. They have the flatness of a miniature, with little or no relief.—C. & C., Italy, ii. 185; Cibo, 14.

PALMEZZANO, MARCO (DI ANTONIO), born in Forli in 1456 (?), died after 1527. Umbrian school; pupil of Melozzo da Forli, and inheritor of his style; his works show the same accuracy in linear perspective, and but little feeling for colour. His best works in churches are in S. Girolamo and in the Carmine, Forli, and a Madonna and Saints (1500), in the orphan asylum of the Michelline Faenza. Of those in galleries, good examples are: Madonna Enthroned with Saints, Christ bearing the Cross, Berlin Museum; St. Sebastian, Carlsruhe Gallery; Madonna and Saints (1513), Old Pinakothek, Munich; Coronation of the Virgin, Madonna with Saints, Brera, Milan; Circumcision (1535), Bergamo Gallery; Crucifixion, Uffizi; Entombment, National Gallery, London; Madonna with Saints (1537); Museum of S. Giov. Laterano, Rome.—C. & C., ii. 566; Vasari, ed. Le Mon., iv. 201; xi. 92; Burckhardt, 560; Lübke, Gesch. ital. Mal., i. 401.

PALOMINO DE CASTRO Y VELASCO, ACISCLO ANTONIO, born at Bujalance in 1653, died in Madrid in 1725. Spanish school; pupil in Cordova of Valdés Leal and of Alfaro; went to Madrid in 1678, after he had received minor orders in the church, and became famous for works in the Alcázar and the Escorial, and at Salamanca and Granada. After the death of his wife he entered into full orders. Though a fair painter, Palomino is best known as the historian of the artists of Spain, a work in two folio volumes, entitled "El Museo Pictorico y Escala Optica" (Madrid, 1715-24). Works: Conception, St. John, St. Bernard, Madrid Museum.—Stirling, iii. 1120; Cean Bermudez; Ch. Blanc, École espagnole; Madrazo, 499.

PALTRONIERI, PIETRO, called Il Mirandolese dalle prospettive, born at Bologna in 1673, died there in 1741. Bolognese school. Architecture painter, pupil of F. Cassana, and of Marcantonio Chiarini (1652-1730), whose manner he adopted. Many of his pictures, in which the figures were frequently supplied by Ercole Graziani, may be seen in public buildings at Bologna, Rome, and Vienna; they usually represent arches, fountains, aqueducts, temples, and ruins, tinged with a certain reddish colour. In the Dresden Museum is a specimen with Ruins of Palaces.—Lanzi (Roscoe), iii. 176.

PAMPHILUS, painter, of Amphipolis in Macedonia, pupil of Eupompus, about 377 B.C. He became the head of the Sicyonic school, and did much more for it than even his master. His pupils, among whom were Apelles and Melanthius, paid him a talent for a course of study extending over twelve years. His scientific attainments enabled him to found a school based on the exact knowledge of proportion and perspective; and he did for painting what Polycletus did for sculpture. Among his pictures were the Battle of Philios, Victory of the Athenians, and Ulysses in his Ship.—Pliny, xxxv. 75, 76; Plut. Arat., 13; Quin., xii. 10, 6; Suid., v.; and Schol. Arist. Plut., 385; Brunn, ii. 132.

PAN, SCHOOL OF, Luca Signorelli, Palazzo Corsi, Florence; canvas, signed. Pan, sitting on a rocky throne; Olympus, standing beside him, playing, with two shepherds listening. The sounds are supposed to be wafted away by the reeds held united by a man lying on the ground, and a nymph (Echo?), standing; two other nymphs in background. Nearly same subject painted by Signorelli in Palazzo Petrucci, Siena. Probably the picture mentioned by Vasari as painted for Lorenzo de' Medici; found in Florence in 1865. Engraved in C. & C.—Vasari, ed. Mil., iii. 689; C. & C., Italy, iii. 5.