Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings (IA cyclopediaofpain03cham).pdf/407

 of Oxen in Thunderstorm (1864); Little Thatched Cottage; Cavalry attack at Custozza; Wood Interior near Fontainebleau; Environs of Naples (1868); Goats of the Abruzzi, Montpellier Museum; Buffaloes near Pæstum (1873); Road of San Germano near Monte Cassino (1876); Three Donkey-Drivers in a Shower (1878); Pasture (1884); In the Mountains, Evening (1885); Boars in Fontainebleau Forest, Wood-Cutters, (1886); Landscape with Cattle, August Belmont, New York; Sheep leaving the Fold, D. W. Powers, Rochester; Roman Campagna, Fairman Rogers, Philadelphia. A third brother, Nicola, landscape painter, died in 1870; a fourth, Francesco Paolo, genre painter, lived a long time in Paris with Giuseppe, and died in Naples in 1871.—L'Art (1878), iii. 100; L'Illustrazione italiana (1876); Meyer, Conv. Lex., xvii. 664; Meyer, Gesch., 760; Müller, 405.

PALKO (Palcko), FRANZ ANTON, born at Breslau, died in Vienna in 1760. German school; history and portrait painter, son and pupil of Kaspar Palko (died at Presburg, Hungary, in 1745); settled and married in Brünn, Moravia, where he painted many portraits; later went to Dresden, and thence to Vienna. Works: SS. Francis Xavier and Ignatius, St. Salvator's, Vienna; St. Stephen, St. Stephen's, ib.; Portraits of Maria Theresa, Emperor Francis I., Stephen, Joseph II.—Hormayr, Archiv (1817), 371; Wurzbach, xxi. 224.

PALKO, FRANZ KARL, born at Breslau in 1724, died in Prague in 1767. German school; history painter, brother and pupil in Presburg of the preceding, then of the Vienna Academy; won the grand prize, and studied in Venice after the old masters; returned to Presburg, became court-painter in Dresden in 1752, and in Munich in 1764, whence he went to Prague. Works: Judith and Holofernes; Christ on Mount of Olives, St. Salvator's, Presburg; Redemption of Christian Prisoners from Turkish Slavery, Trinity Church, ib.; St. John, Hofkirche, Dresden; Ignatius of Loyola, Schleissheim Gallery; Holy Family, Vienna Museum.—Hormayr, Archiv (1817), 371; Wurzbach, xxi. 224.

PALLIÈRE, VINCENT LÉON, born at Bordeaux, July 19, 1787, died there, Dec. 29, 1820. History and genre painter, pupil of his father and of Vincent; won the grand prix in 1812, and spent five years in Rome. His pictures are remarkable for the grace and simplicity of the figures, good colour, and lightness of touch. Medal, 1st class, 1819. Works: Ulysses killing the Suitors (1812); Prometheus Bound; Flagellation of Christ, Trinità de' Monti, Rome; Nymph quitting her Bath (1819), Amiens Museum; Tobias restoring his Father's Sight (1819), Bordeaux Museum; St. Peter healing a Lame Man, St. Séverin, Paris; Shepherd Resting, Bordeaux Museum; Juno borrowing Venus's Belt (1819); Scourging of Christ, Trinità de' Monti, Rome.—Bellier, ii. 195; Biographie univ.

PALM, GUSTAF VILHELM, born at Christianstad, March 14, 1810. Landscape painter, pupil of Stockholm Academy; travelled in Sweden and Norway, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy; lived for eleven years in Rome, then visited France (1855) and England. Member of Stockholm and Venice Academies; Order of Vasa, 1867. Works: View in Sabine Mountains (1847); Roman Campagna (1847), H. Stouth, New York; Naples and Roman Landscape (1848); Sicilian Landscapes, Views of Naples and Venice (1849); Civita Castellana; Colosseum (1855); Ritterholm Church in Stockholm; Canal Grande (1860), Stockholm Museum.—Müller, 405.

PALMA, GIACOMO, called Palma Vecchio (the elder), born at Serinalta (?), near Bergamo, about 1480, died in Venice, Aug. 8, 1528. Venetian school; called Il Vecchio (the elder) to distinguish him from his nephew Giacomo. He learned the elements from Venetian masters, was an original rather than an imitator, and shared with Giorgione and Titian the honour of advancing Venetian art to its highest level. Though not