Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings (IA cyclopediaofpain03cham).pdf/259

 Art Journal (1879), 48; Appleton's Journal (1869), ii. 118; Lippincott's Mag., xiv. 758; American Architect, v. 54; Bruno Meyer, Studien, 96; Meyer, Gesch.; Zeitsch., i. 173; ii. 124; viii. 104; D. Rundschau, xvi. 310; Vom Fels zum Meer, vii. 106.

MEISSNER, ERNST ADOLF, born at Dresden, April 12, 1837. Animal and landscape painter, pupil of Dresden Academy and Kummer; spent 1860-61 in Zürich, 1868 in Rome, and settled in Munich in 1870. Many of his pictures are in America. Works: Pilgrimage on Lake Kochel; Mill on the Elbe near Dresden; Transportation of Cattle in Winter; Scattered Sheep, Vienna Academy; Returning Herd in Winter (1875), Dresden Gallery; Sheep on Flight; Sheep with Lambs; On the Alp; Sunday Afternoon (Jubilee Exhib., Berlin, 1886.—Müller, 362.

MEISTER ARNOLD, of Würzburg, 14th century. German school; a master of equal fame in Franconia to that of Meister Wilhelm on the Nether Rhine. No work can be attributed to him directly, but the altarpiece of Pähl (about 1400), National Museum, Munich, is of his school.—Meyer, Künst. Lex., ii. 272.

MEISTER STEPHAN, born at Constance, died in Cologne in 1451. German school; real name Stephan Lochner. Possibly a pupil of Meister Wilhelm, and the most famous master of mediæval art. He settled, and bought a house, in Cologne in 1442; the guild of St. Luke chose him to represent their corporation in the senate in 1448, and again in 1451, in which year he died in poverty in a hospital. In him the school of Cologne attained its highest form of originality. Works: Triptych (known as Dombild, after 1426), Cologne Cathedral; Madonna in der Rosenlaube, Cologne Museum; replica (?), Old Pinakothek, Munich; Madonna with the Violets (?), Archiepiscopal Museum, Cologne; Presentation in the Temple (? 1447), Darmstadt Gallery; Three Saints, National Gallery, London.—Allgem. d. Biogr., xix. 69; Ch. Blanc, École allemande; C. & C., Flemish Painters, 350; Förster, Gesch., i. 211; ii. 152; do., Denkmale, ii. 19; iv. 13; Kugler (Crowe), i. 126; Kugler, Kl. Schriften, ii. 294-300, 350, 352, 524; Merlo, Meister d. altköln. Malersch., 108, 200; Schnaase, vi. 413; W. & W., ii. 87.

MEISTER WILHELM, born at Herle, Limburg, died in Cologne in 1378. German school. The earliest known representative of the ancient school of Cologne, where he painted from 1358 to 1372, and the best German artist of his time; he is mentioned in the Limburg Chronicle of 1380, as "a famous painter in Cologne, whose equal was not to be found in Christendom, and who painted a man as though he lived." Childlike innocence, tenderness of sentiment, and remarkable purity of expression characterize the faces and graceful, slender figures painted by Master Wilhelm with sweet and tender colour. Works: Clara Altar, Cologne Cathedral; Christ Crucified, Sacristy of St. Severin's, Cologne; Small Altarpiece, w. Virgin w. Bean Blossom, Cologne Museum; Madonna with Saints, Chapter Room of Halberstadt Cathedral; St. Veronica with the Handkerchief (?), Old Pinakothek, Munich; do. (?), National Gallery, London.—Ch. Blanc, École allemande; C. & C., Flemish Painters, 346; Förster, Gesch., i. 204; do., Denkmale, v. 7; Kugler (Crowe), i. 43; Kugler, Kl. Schriften, ii. 288-91, 352, 524; Kunstblatt (1855), 157; Merlo, Meister d. altköln. Malersch., 31; Schnaase, vi. 391; W. & W., i. 399.

MEISTER, NICOLAS, born at Coblentz. Landscape painter, younger brother and pupil of Simon, with whom he went to Cologne about 1833; painted the landscape in the panorama and dioramas mentioned under Simon. Works: Views of Coblentz; Rolandseck with Siebengebirge, and Castle Rheinstein (1834); Ravine with Ruin (1839); View of Neuwied (1848).—Merlo, Nachrichten, 279.

MEISTER, SIMON, born at Coblentz in 1803, died in Cologne, Feb: 29, 1844. History painter, pupil in Paris of Horace