Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings (IA cyclopediaofpain03cham).pdf/214



1511, where he was one of the leaders of the Reformation until 1528, and acquired fame as a painter, poet, soldier, and statesman. Painted many monumental mural decorations. There are many drawings in the Basle Museum by this master, who must be counted among the most noteworthy representatives of the renaissance on this side of the Alps. Works: Beheading of St. John, Lucretia (1517), David and Bathsheba (1517), St. Ann, Pyramus and Thisbe, Judgment of Paris, Invocation for Deliverance from the Plague, Basle Museum; Altarpiece with St. Luke and Birth of the Virgin, Peasant Wedding in 16th Century, Artist's Portrait (1630?), Berne Museum.—Allgem. d. Biogr., xx. 275; Baechtold, Niklaus Manuel (Frauenfeld, 1878); Ch. Blanc, École allemande; Grüneisen, Nic. Manuel, Leben u. Werke, etc. (Stuttgart & Tübingen, 1837); Kugler (Crowe), i. 219; Nagler, Mon., iv. 770; Repert. f. K., iii. 1; W. & W., ii. 485.

MARAIS, ADOLPHE CHARLES, born at Honfleur (Calvados); contemporary. Landscape painter, pupil of Busson, Berchère, and C. de Cock. Medal, 3d class, 1880. Works: Crossing the Brook (1876); Forest Border with Animals, Herd in the Plains (1877); Cows drinking in Forest of Touques, Hostelry Yard in Normandy, Sunset (1878); Storm near Arundel, Road to Blackhurst Farm (1879); Pastures of Merville, Herd on the Road (1880); Rest in the Woods (1881); The Ford (1883).

MAŘAK, JULIUS, born at Leitomischl, Bohemia, March 29, 1835. Landscape painter and illustrator, pupil of Prague Academy under Haushofer, then studied for a short time in Munich, and settled in Vienna in 1858. Works: Congress of Storks under the Elms, Vienna Art Union; Runic Stone in Oak Wood; Moonrise in Pine Woods; Forest Solitude; Evening near Sadowa in 1866; Four Seasons; Four Divisions of Day; View in Lavant Valley (1884).—Meyer, Conv. Lex., xviii. 633; Müller, 352; Graph. K., iv. 25; Kunst-Chronik, xix. 351; Leixner, Mod. K., ii. 19; Wurzbach, xvi. 411; Zeitschr. f. b. K., xii. 128.

MARATHON, BATTLE OF. See Panœnus.

MARATTI (Maratta), CARLO, Cavaliere, born in Camerano, May 13, 1625, died in Rome, Dec. 15, 1713. Roman school; best and favourite pupil of Andrea Sacchi; at first painted mostly Madonnas, whence often satirically called Carluccio delle Madonne. Through Sacchi's influence he obtained a commission to paint, in S. Giovanni in Laterano, Constantine destroying the Idols, which was highly prized. From this time he was very successful, and he became one of the most popular painters in Rome, executing many works for churches and public buildings. Among his largest and most important works was the decoration of the cupola of the church of Urbino, destroyed by the earthquake of 1782. Under Innocent XII. Maratti was superintendent of the paintings in the Vatican, and Clement XI. conferred on him the Order of Christ and commissioned him to restore the frescos of Raphael. To this he owes much of his fame, but his restorations have been severely criticised. He was Prince of the Academy of St. Luke at the time of his death. Maratti's works are characterized rather by absence of defects than by any