Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings (IA cyclopediaofpain02cham).pdf/71

 *tion, Brescia, are characteristic specimens. They show that he was educated under the influence of Foppa, Costa, and Francia, and hardly suggest that he was a contemporary of Titian and Pordenone.—C. & C., N. Italy, ii. 362; Vasari, xi. 263, N. 2.; Lübke, Gesch. ital. Mal., ii. 607.

FERRARA, ERCOLE DA. See Grandi.

FERRARA, LODOVICO DA. See Mazzolino, Lodovico.

FERRARI, DEFENDENTE DE, flourished at Chivasso first half 16th century. Lombard school; history painter, perhaps pupil of Macrino d'Alba. Works: Altarpieces (1519-21), Cathedral of Ivrea; Christ in the Temple (1526), Stuttgart Gallery; Altarpiece (1530), Marriage of St. Catherine, Altarpiece in several compartments, Turin Gallery; Nativity with Saints (1531), Church of Ranverso; Pietà, Cathedral of Chivasso; Adoration of Shepherds, Bergamo Gallery; St. Catherine, Princess Charles of Darmstadt.—Morelli (Richter), 413; Turin Gal. Cat.; Lübke, Gesch. ital. Mal., i. 505.

FERRARI, FRANCESCO BIANCHI, called Il Frari, born at Modena (?) in 1447, died there, Feb. 8, 1510. Modenese school; history painter, enjoyed great reputation in Modena, where some excellent works of his are still to be found. Supposed to have been Correggio's first master. Works: Madonna enthroned with Angels and Saints, Louvre; Annunciation (1510, finished by Scaccieri in 1512), Modena Gallery.—Ch. Blanc, École lombarde; C. & C., N. Italy, i. 373; Lanzi (Roscoe), ii. 346.

FERRARI, GAUDENZIO, born at Valduggia in 1481, died in Milan in 1546 or 1547. Lombard-Milanese school. Called by Vasari Gaudenzio Milanese; asserted pupil of Stefano Scotto, Girolamo Giovenone, and Perugino, whose influence is unmistakable in Gaudenzio's fine altarpiece (1514-15) in S. Gaudenzio, Novara. Affected also by Raphael, whose fellow-student he had been, and by Leonardo da Vinci, his later style acquired life and energy. He had considerable power of expression, and used colour harmoniously, especially in his frescos, but he was at times capricious and extravagant, and his compositions are often overcrowded and wanting in beauty of arrangement. He painted many works at Varallo, in 1504, 1513, 1524, and 1531, the earliest of which are in S. M. di Loreto, and S. Marco, the best in S. M. delle Grazie, where he decorated the choir with scenes from the Passion, and painted the Presentation in the Temple, Christ among the Doctors, and other subjects in chapels at the Sacro Monte. In 1516 he went to Rome and is said to have worked in the Farnesina with Raphael, after whose death he was associated with Giulio Romano and Perino del Vaga. Other frescos by Ferrari may be seen in the Brera, Milan, and in the Pilgrims' Church at Saronno, where he painted in 1534, as also a Flagellation in S. M. delle Grazie, Milan. His last fresco (1542) is in S. Giuliano, on an island in the Lago d'Orta. Among his pictures are the Baptism of Christ, S. Celso, Milan; Martyrdom of S. Catherine, Brera, Milan; Christ bearing the Cross, Canobbio; Last Supper (1543, unfinished), S. M. della Passione, Milan; S. Peter and Donor, Entombment, Turin Gallery, Madonna, Oldenburg Gallery; St. George, and St. Anthony of Padua, Historical Society, New York.—Vasari, ed. Mil., iv. 652; vi. 518; ed. Le Mon., vi. 58; viii. 248; xi. 275; Burckhardt, 705; Lanzi, i. 399; ii. 496; Ch. Blanc, École milanaise; Lübke, Gesch. ital. Mal., ii. 461.

FERRARI, GIOVANNI ANDREA DE', born in Genoa in 1598, died there in 1669. Genoese school; pupil of Bernardo Castello and of Bernardo Strozzi. Won reputation as an historical and portrait painter; many works in the churches and palaces of Genoa. Became an ecclesiastic in old age. Was an able teacher and the master of Benedetto Castiglione, Valerio Castello, and Carbone.—Lanzi, iii. 267; Ch. Blanc, École génoise; Burckhardt, 779.

FERRARI, GIULIO CESARE, born at Bologna in 1818. History and portrait