Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings (IA cyclopediaofpain02cham).pdf/198

 Museum. Müller, 218; Kunst-Chronik, xi.; Zeitschr., xii. (Mittheilungen, v. 10).

GRÖGER, FRIEDRICH KARL, born at Ploen, Holstein, Oct. 14, 1766, died in Hamburg, Nov. 9, 1838. Portrait painter, self-taught. In 1789 he went with Aldenrath to Berlin, frequented the Academy for some time, then went to Hamburg, and in 1798 studied in Dresden. Painted for several years in Kiel and Copenhagen, and finally settled in Hamburg. Works: Portrait of the Artist, Dresden Gallery; Portraits of Man and Wife (1829), Portrait of Pastor Klefeker, do. of Aldenrath, do. of himself, his adopted daughter, and Aldenrath (conjointly with the latter), Kunsthalle, Hamburg; others in Lübeck, Kiel, Copenhagen Galleries.—Allgem. d. Biogr., ix. 708; Weilbach, 213.

GRÖNLAND, THEUDE, born at Altona, Aug. 31, 1817, died in Berlin, April 16, 1876. Landscape and still-life painter, pupil of Copenhagen Academy; lived then for three years in Italy, as long in England, and twenty-five years in Paris. Settled in 1868 in Berlin, where he had many pupils. Member of Copenhagen Academy. Medals: Paris, 1st class, 1848; 2d class, 1855. Work, Fruit-piece, National Gallery, Berlin. His son, René, born in Paris, Oct. 3, 1849, painted similar subjects.—Weilbach, 213; Jordan, 108; Rosenberg, Berl. Malersch., 352.

GRÖNVOLD, MARCUS, born at Bergen, Norway, July 5, 1845. Portrait and genre painter, pupil of Copenhagen and of Munich Academies, and studied from 1870 to 1878 under Wilhelm Diez, Otto Seitz, and Piloty; won several medals, visited Italy in 1874, Berlin and Düsseldorf in 1876, and Paris in 1878; member of jury at Düsseldorf Exhibition in 1880. Works: The Burgomaster; Consolation; Uninvited Guests; Poachers; Sunday Morning; Scene from Saga of Wieland the Smith, Cologne Museum; Portrait of Knut Baade.—Illustr. Zeitg. (1881), i. 41; Müller, 218; Leixner, D. mod. K., ii. 79.

GROS, ANTOINE JEAN, Baron, born in Paris, March 16, 1771, died there, June 27, 1835. History and portrait painter, son of Jean Antoine, miniature painter, and pupil of David; competed unsuccessfully for the prix de Rome in 1792, supported himself by painting portraits, and in 1793 went to Italy. In 1796 he was presented to General Bonaparte at Milan, and obtained his favour by painting him on the bridge at Arcole. The General had the picture engraved by Longhi, gave the plate to Gros, appointed him review inspector, and put him on the commission charged to select works of art to be sent to France. In 1799 he escaped from Genoa on an English ship, arrived half dead at Antibes, and in 1801 gained at Paris a competition prize for a sketch of Battle of Nazareth, an historical picture never executed. Up to 1812, he painted battles of the Empire and portraits, then was commissioned to paint the cupola of St. Geneviève, which he finished in 1824, when he was ennobled. In 1815 directed the school of David during that painter's exile; in 1816 named member of the Institute, counsellor of Royal Museum, professor of École des Beaux Arts; 1819, Order of San Michel; 1828, L. of Honour. His portrait of Charles X. (1827), some ceilings at the Louvre, and a Hercules exhibited in 1835, were so severely criticised that Gros fell into a state of melancholy and drowned himself. Between 1816 and 1835 he had formed more than four hundred pupils. Works: Girl Bathing (1791), Female Portrait, Besançon Museum; Female Portrait (1798), Marseilles Museum; Battle of Nazareth (1801, sketch), Nantes Museum; Plague of Jaffa (1804), Battlefield of Eylau (1808), Francis I. and Charles V. visiting the Tombs in St. Denis (1812), Louvre, Paris;