Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings (IA cyclopediaofpain02cham).pdf/169

 Liegnitz, and in 1854 went to Berlin. Works: Mill in Silesia; Windmill; Moonlight Night in Tyrolese Alps; Tauern Mountain.

GIRTIN, THOMAS, born at Southwark, Surrey, in 1775, died in London in 1802. Landscape painter, one of the founders of the English school of painting in water-colours, and next in importance to Turner, with whom he was intimate; exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1794-1801. Works: View of Bridgenorth, Great Hall in Conway Castle, Ethel Castle, Melrose Abbey, View of Ripon, York Cathedral, Interior of Canterbury Cathedral, and others, British Museum, London; Rievaulx Abbey (1798), View on the Thames, Warkworth Hermitage, three others, South Kensington Museum, ib.; View of St. Asaph, Jedburgh Abbey, National Gallery, Dublin.

Miller, Turner and Girtin's Picturesque Views (London, 1854).

GISBERT, ANTONIO, born at Alcoy, Valencia; contemporary. History and genre painter, pupil of Madrid Academy. Director of S. Fernando Museum, Madrid. Medals: Paris, 1865, 1867; Officer L. of Honour, 1870. Works: Landing of Puritans in North America; Execution of Padilla; Death of Don Carlos; Francis I. meeting his Betrothed; Columbus embarking at Palos; Paolo and Francesca; Guitar Player, Grandfather's Birthday, Flute Player, In the Garden, Students' Household; Modern Paris and Three Graces (1882); Prestidigitator, William Astor, New York.—Müller, 209.

GISLER, ÉDOUARD; contemporary. History painter, pupil of Navez. Works: Jeremiah on Ruins of Jerusalem (1836), St. Gudule's, Brussels; The Virgin (1841).—Immerzeel, i. 280.

GIULIANO, BARTOLOMMEO, born at Susa, North Italy, in 1825. Genre and landscape painter, professor at Milan Academy. Works: Faust and Marguerite; Parisina; Difficult Passage; In Thoughts; Drinking Girl (1866).—Müller, 209.

GIULIO ROMANO, born in Rome in 1492, died in Mantua, Nov. 1, 1546. Real name Giulio Pippi de' Giannuzzi, but called Romano from his birthplace. Umbrian school; became the assistant of Raphael when quite young, and with Il Fattore and Pellegrino da Modena aided him in the decoration of the Vatican. He was Raphael's favourite pupil and was, with Il Fattore, his heir and art executor. He painted frescos in Rome in the Villa Lanti, in the Villa Madama, which he built, and in Trinità de' Monti. Having fulfilled his duties towards Raphael by finishing his incomplete works in the Vatican, and in painting, with Il Fattore, the Assumption which Raphael had promised to the Convent of Monteluce, now in the Vatican, he went (1524) to Mantua and entered the service of Duke Federigo Gonzaga. There he directed works in architecture as well as in painting, having under him many scholars and assistants. While under Raphael's care he was a close imitator of his style; but when left to himself his taste soon became depraved, and he was largely responsible for the decay of Italian art. Among his works in Mantua are frescos in the Palazzo del Tè, which he built. They represent the Defeat of the Giants, and the History of Cupid and Psyche, the latter with a licentious freedom of treatment which ill accords with the traditions of the school in which he was bred. He also painted other frescos in the Uffizio della Scaccheria and in several churches in Mantua. In 1546 he was chosen architect of St. Peter's, Rome, as successor to Sansovino, and was about to set out for that city when he died. Among the best of his few easel pictures are: Madonna del Bacino, Pan and the young Olympus, Dresden Gal.; Martyrdom of St. Stephen, S. Stefano, Genoa; Madonna, Sacristy of St. Peter's, Rome; Julius II. (copy of Raphael), Fornarina (copy of the