Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings (IA cyclopediaofpain02cham).pdf/167

 1857, 3,100 francs.—Bellier de la Chavignerie, i. 661; Ch. Blanc, École française; Villot, Cat. Louvre; Gaz. des B. Arts (1874), x. 464; Gautier, Guide au Louvre, 13; Meyer, Gesch., 91.

GIROLAMO DI BENVENUTO, born in 1470, died in 1524. Sienese school; son and pupil of Benvenuto del Guasta. Painted in 1508 a Virgin of the Snow, in S. Domenico, Siena, which, though resembling his father's productions, is more pleasing. There are several pictures by him in the Siena Academy, and a S. Chiara with a kneeling Pilgrim in the Osservanza outside Siena.—C. & C., Italy, iii. 73.

GIROLAMO BRESCIANO. See Savoldo.

GIROLAMO DA CARPI, born at Ferrara about 1501, died about 1561. Lombardo-Ferrarese school. Real name de' Sellari or de' Livizzani, but called da Carpi because his father, Tommaso, was born there. Pupil of Benvenuto Garofalo; afterwards painted at Bologna, and later studied works of Correggio and Parmigianino in Modena and Parma. Though he imitated them, he was not a servile copyist, but had a style of his own. Painted in fresco and in oil, and was very successful in portraits; was also an architect. Among his works are: Adoration of the Magi, and Madonna, Bologna Academy; Christ in the House of Martha and Mary, Uffizi, Florence; Entombment, Palazzo Pitti, ib.; Portrait of Archbishop Salimbeni, ib.; Christ on the Mount of Olives, ib.; Venus and Cupid, Dresden Gallery.—Vasari, ed. Mil., vi. 469; Lanzi, iii. 204; Ch. Blanc, École ferraraise; Cittadella, Memorie di Garofalo (Ferrara, 1872); Lavice, 63.

GIROLAMO DA COTIGNOLA, born in Cotignola about 1481, died in 1550. Bolognese school. Real name Girolamo Marchesi, son of Antonio M.; pupil of Zaganelli(?) and of Francesco Francia, but in his later days an imitator of Raphael and Michelangelo. A Nativity of 1513, in his early style, is in Lord Ashburton's Collection. Examples of his later manner, dated 1516 and 1526, are in the Berlin Museum; Madonna and Saints, dated 1518, L'Annunziata, Parma; Marriage of the Virgin, and the Annunciation, Nativity, and Flight into Egypt, in a predella, Bologna Pinac. Vasari says he was chiefly known as a portrait painter.—C. & C., N. Italy, i. 601; Vasari, ed. Mil., v. 182; Ch. Blanc, École bolonaise.

GIROLAMO DAI LIBRI, born in Verona in 1474, died July 22, 1555. Venetian school. Son of Francesco dai Libri, a miniaturist (or illuminator of books, whence he got his name), of whom no vestige has been preserved, and grandson of Stefano da Zevio. His first picture, Christ deposed from the Cross, in the Church of Malsesine, painted when sixteen years old, is an illustration of his education in the school of a miniaturist, but in his later works, inspired by a deep study of the Mantegnesques, he exhibits the form and the spirit of a greater art. His Madonna and Saints, lately in Hamilton Palace, near Glasgow, is a good example of this style. Later he shows the influence of Francesco Morone, as in the Madonna and Saints, Berlin Museum. Still later he acquires a more modern treatment in every branch of practice, as seen in the Conception, in S. Paolo, Verona. The culminating point in his career is reached in the Virgin in Glory and the Madonna and Saints (1530), Verona Museum; and in the Madonna and St. Anne, National Gallery, London. Beginning as a miniaturist, he rose to a high place amongst the painters of North Italy, being neither a plagiarist nor a servile copyist. His son, Francesco (born 1500), was a miniature and oil painter.—C. & C., N. Italy, i. 493; Burckhardt, 606; Lübke, Gesch. d. ital. Mal., ii. 578.

GIROLAMO DA SANTA CROCE, born at Santa Croce (?), near Bergamo, flourished at Venice in 1520-49. Venetian school; history and landscape painter, perhaps pupil and assistant of Francesco da Santa Croce, of whom he may and may not have been a relative; further developed under influence of Giovanni Bellini and the great