Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/994

 BB v '( #3 V T £

four Ounces of Currants ; three of Dates fliced ; Tops of Thyme, Balm, Savory, and Mint, and Tops or Flowers of Rofemary, of each two Ounces ; Cinnamon and Mace, bruiled, Nutmegs, Anis Seeds and Coriander Seeds, bruifed like-wife, of each four Ounces; Citron, or Lemon and Orange Peel, fcraped, of each an Ounce.

All thefe to be left to infufe 48 Hours in a warm place, often fhaking them together : Then fet them in a cool place, for a Week ; after which the clear Liquor is to be de- canted off, and to it an equal Quantity of neat white Port- Wine, and a Gallon of Canary are to be added— The whole tobefweetnedwith a proper Quantity ofdouble refined Sugar.

USTION, m Pharmacy, the preparing of certain Sub- itances by burning them. See Burning.

The Antients made ufe of the UJlion of Horns, Nails, Feathers, and other Parts of Animals, for divers Remedies : And the Moderns flill ufe JEs Uftum, which is burnt Cop- per, or Copper that has undergone the UJlion, with Sul- phur. See JEs Ustum.

The UJlion of Minerals, is a more imperfeft kind of Calcination. See Calcination.

The Word is form'd from the Latin tirere, to burn.

USUCAPTION, Usucaptio, in the Civil Law, is an Ac- quifition of the Property of a Thing by a Poffeffion and En. joyment thereof for a certain term of Years prefcribed by Law. See Possession.

Some make a Difference between Prefcription and Ufa- caption, maintaining that the latter is only ufed with regard to Moveables, and the former with regard to Immoveables. — But there is no effential Difference between 'em, and ac- cordingly, Prefcription and Ufllcaption, are generally held Synonyma's. See Prescription.

USUFRUIT, Usus-fructus, in theCivilLaw, the En- joyment or Poffeffion of any Effect.; or the right of receiving the Fruits and Profits of an Inheritance, or other Thing, without a Faculty of alienating or damaging the Property thereof. See Possession, &c.

When the Ufufrutluary dies, the Ufufmit returns to the Proprietor.

The Dowry or Jointure of a Widow is only mUfufrutlu. ary due, that is, fhe only enjoys the Ufufruit thereof, and cannot difpofe of the Principal. See Dower.

All mutual Prefents between Man and Wife, only import the Vfufruit of the Goods of the firft that dies, to the Pro- fit of the Survivor.

The Incumbents of Benefices are only Ufufrutluary. See Benefice.

An UfufruBnary has full Right over the Coppice ; but Can r!crraT- i 5 ,ber "'o :re r S - L, '., trie meaning is.

Vftiry Psee fbtZl S * ™ A61 ° f fameRatio ** <he- 1 „„■,- :.

3 Senfe.

By the antient Roman Law, People were allow'd to lend out their Money at one per Cent, per Month ; which was 11 '7 u"' P er J 4» 1mm -—^ they received more, they in- curr d the Note of Infamy, and the Overplus was charged on the Principal. r

This Rate of Vfury was allow'd of as low as the Time! ot Jujtiman, who moderated it a little by the itfth Lav* in the Code de Uftltis. And not long after, the Canon Law forbid all fort of Vfury whatever.— In compliance with which Prohibition, the cultomaty Laws don't allow any In- tereft to be exacted for Money lent on a fimple Promife ot Obligation; but only by Contrafl, and upon Alienating the Inncipal, which the Debtor is to rcimburfe at PleaTure : Which is a kind of buying an annual Revenue.

So that in Propriety, unlawful Ufury confitis in extorting an exceffiveRate for one's Money, beyond what is prefcribed by Law.

Till Moulin indeed makes Vfury, taken in the ill Senfe, to be a Profit exaSed for a Loan made to a Perfon in •taint ; intimating, That it is unlawful to extott Gain from the Affiftance given to the Unhappy, or to convert an Office of Humanity into a mercenary one. — The Reafon is, that Money is a barren and fruitlefs Thing in the Hands of a Per- fon whom Neceffity obliges to borrow ; and that being lent him to be (pent, he can make no Advantage of it : Where- as the principal Pretext for requiring lawful Intereft, is, that the Perfon who lends, may fliare in the Profits theteof with the Perfon 'to whom it is lent.

Notwithftanding, moft of the antient Canonifts infill on a rigorous Obfervation of that Precept in Deuteronomy, Noufieneraieris fratrituo, Thou /halt not lend Money to thy Brother, on Vfury : And plead that nothing be required further than the Principal.

However, inLife, we call nothing Vfury but what exceeds the Bounds prefcribed by the Laws : So that when a Per- fon does not alienate his Principal, or takes Intereft beyond what is limited by Statute, thefe alone are Ufury.

By the Stat. 12 Car. I. no Man is allow'd to take above fix Pounds for the Forbearance of one hundred Pounds for

one Year, under certain Penalties therein enjoin'd. And

by a later Stat. i Q Georgii, no Man muft take above five Pounds for the like Occafion.

LIT, a Latin Term fignifying, literally, as ; much ufed in the Stating of Ratios and Proportions. See Ratio, and Proportion.

Sir / Newton affigns its Ufe thus : If indeterminate Quantities of divers kinds be compared together, and one of 'em be faid to be Vt, as, any other directly or inverfely ; the meaning is, that the firft is increas'd or diminiiri'd in the

The Laws of our antient Saxon and Norman Kings, are very fevere upon Ufurers, or Letters-out of Money upon In- tereft Ufurarios quoque defendh Rex Edvardus (Con-

feffor,) tie remanent aliquis in toto regno fuo ; ig ft quis inde cmviS-us effet, quod fxiius exigerat, omni fuhftantia propria careret iSpofteapro cxlegehabeatur, quoniam Ufura radix omnium malorum. Leg. Edv. Confcff. cap. 37.

They were indeed allowed ro difpofe of their Goods be- fore Conviction, and whilft they were living ; but after their Death they were confifcate, if it could be proved they lent Money to Ufe within a Tear before their death. Matt. Paris.

If a Clergyman were an Vfllrer, his Goods were not to be confifcated ; but to be distributed to pious Ufes.

In thofe Days Ufury was thus defin'd :

Eft Ufura fuos qui f quis tradit mihi nilmmos Spe lucri, fxnus duplex Ufura vacatur.

USURIOUS Contrail, is any Bargain or Contract, where- by a Man is obliged to pay more Intereft for Money than the Statute allows. See Interest and Usury.

USURPATION, in Law, the Enjoyment of a thing for continuance of time, or receiving the Profits thereof. See Usu CAPTION.

USURY, Usura, in the general, is an Intereft, Gain, or Profit which a Perfon makes of his Money or Effects, by lending the fame ; or it is an Increafe of the Principal, ex- acted for the Loan thereof; or the Price a Borrower gives for the Vfe of a Sum credited to him by the Lender ; call'd alfo Ufe and Intereft, and in fome antient Statutes, dry Ex- change. Sec Interest, and Exchange.

The Word Ufury is ufually taken in an evil Senfe, viz. for an unlawful Profit which a Perfon makes of his Money ; in which Senfe it is, that Ufury is forbidden by the Civil and Ecclefiaftical Law, and even by the Law of Nature : In this Senfe it alfo is, that it is held Ufury to lend Money on Pawns, to exact Intereft for Money without furrendering the Principal, and to ftipulate Intereft for Money which is not employ 'd in Trade, nor brings any Profit to the Perfon who receives it : But as the Latin Word Vfiira, at leaft thePlural thereof Ufuree, may be underftood of a lawful Intereft, we

two or more others directly, or inverfely, the meaning is, that the firft isincreafedor diminifhed in a Ratio compounded of the Ratios in which the others are increafed or diminiihed.

Thus, if A be faid to be as B directly, and as C directly, and as D inverfely, the Meaning is 'tis incteafed or diminifhed in the fame Ratio with BXCX f,, that is, A and —, are to each other in a given Ratio. Phil. Nat. Prim. Math.

Ut, in Mufic, the firft of the mufical Votes. See Note.

Ut, re, mi, fa; the Clef of G, re, fol, ut ; of C, fol, ut, &c.

This Note, with the reft, were taken out of the Hymn of St. John Saptift. Vt queant laxis, &c. See Music

Vrfangthef, an antient Royalty, or Privilege, granted to the Lord of a Manor by the King, giving him a^Power to punilh a Thief dwelling, and committing Theft out of his Liberty ; if he be taken within the Lord's Fee.— Ut fang thef dicitur extraneus Latro veniens aliunde de terra aliena, gf qui caputs fuit in terra ipfius qui tales haiet libertates. Bracton.

UTENSIL, a little domeftic Moveable, belonging prin- cipally to the Kitchen. Such are Pots, Pans, Plates, i$c.

Vtenfil is particularly ufed in War for the Moveables which the Holt is obliged to furnifh the Soldiers quarter'd with him ; which ate, a Bed with Bed-clothes, a Pot and a

Spoon.' They are likewife to have a place at their Holt's

Fire, and Candle.

Vtenfils are fometimes furnifti'd in Money, andfometimes in Kind. The Word is form'd from the Latin Utenfile, which fignifies the fame thing.

UTERINE, Uterinus, fomething belonging to the Vterus, or Womb of Women. See Uterus.

Thus Vterine Brothers or Sifters, are thofe born of the fame Mother, but different Fathers. See Brother, £-?c.

Furor Uterinus, in Medicine, is a kind of Madnefs, attended with lafcivious Speeches and Geftures, and an in- vincible Inclination to Venery.

The Furor Vterinus, is a Complication of hyfterical Symptoms, arifing from a Turgefcency or Inflation of the Vterine Veffels. See Hist eric.

R r r r It