Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/990

 U R I

See 5 Bladder.

C 333 i

'Tis ufually of Glafs, and crooked ; and fometimes fill'd with Milk, to affwage the Pain of the Gravel.

URINARIA Fifiula, is the fame as Urethra ; fo call'd from its Office, to convey the Urine. See Urethra.

URINARY 'Paffage. ? „ Sr,

Meatus URINARIUS. 5 See I^rrthra.

Urinary Bladder.

Vefica URINARIA.

URINE, a liquid Excrement, or Humour, feparated from the Blood in the Kidneys, convey'd thence into the Blad- der, and difcharg'd by the Urethra. See Excrement.

The Urine is fecreted from the Arterial Blood in the Glands of the Kidneys ; from which arife numerous little pellucid Pipes, and Veins, which receiving the fecreted Urine, at length join into twelve 'Papille ; out of which the Urine oozes into a Cavity call'd the 'Pelvis, from whence it runs into the Ureters of either fide, and thro' them into the "Bladder ; and from that, at length, thro' the Urethra, out of the Bo- dy. See Kidneys, Fapillje, Pelvis, Ureter, Blad- der, and Urethra.

The Secretion of the Urine, then, is not perform'd by any Attraction, as fome will have it ; or by any Emulfion, as others ; or any Fermentation, as others ; or any Precipi- tation, as others : but by the Force of the Heart, and Ar- teries, whereby the Blood is driven thro' innumerable Turn- ings and Windings of the Veffels ;. attenuated by Refiftances, oppofite Motions, violent Concuffions, and various Mixtures, till the more liquid and ferous Part thereof, is forc'd thto' Canals fmaller than the Blood- Veffels, and fo collected and difcharg'd. See Secretion.

The Word Urine is form'd from the Greek ?£?e, which fignifies the fame thing.

'Tis more than probable, that the Blood of the Emulgent Artery, convey'd thro' all the little Branches that fpread thro' the exterior Membranes of the Veficuld! whereof the Kidneys are compos'd, being by this means exceedingly di- vided, and as it were attenuated, enters the Vejiculte them- felves, and gives them their red Colour ; that it is there filtrated, and the ferous or urinous Parts fecreted ; and that this Filtration is promoted by the alternate Contractions and Dilatations of the flefhy Fibres that indole thelittle Veficles; and that after the Filtrations, the Parrs that remain Blood are refum'd by the Capillary Branches of the Veins ; the reft entering the excretory Ducts of the Vejicultf, which are the firft Receptacle of the Urine. Hifl. Acad, de Sciences, An. 1705.

Monfieur Morin, in the Memoirs of the French Academy, marks out a new Rout or Courfe for the Urine. — -The ordi- nary one, which is the Paffage of any Liquor we drink thro' the Stomach, into the Interlines, thence into the Lac- teals, thence into the Receptacle of the Chyle, thence into the Subclavian Vein, thence into the Cava, thence into the right Ventricle of the Heart, thence into the Lungs, and thence into the left Ventricle of the Heart; thence into the Aorta, thence into the Emulgent Artery, thence into the Kidneys, thence into the Ureters, and at laft into the Blad- der ; feems too long and circuitous ; confidering how readily Mineral Waters pafs, and what a fpeedy effect Afparagus is found to have. — Befides, that on this Principle, the Li- quors we drink mixing with fo many other Liquors in their way, ftiould be greatly alter'd thereby ; whereas we fre- quenly find a Tincture of Caffia, render'd by Urine almoft as black as when firft taken : and the like is obferv'd of di- vers other Liquors.

M. Morin, therefore, maintains, that a good part of the Liquor we drink, oozes thro' the Membranes of the Sto- mach, and falls into the Pelvis ; where it enters the Blad- der thro' the Pores thereof, without getting into the Intef- tines, which are lined with too thick and vifcid a Humour to allow it Ingrefs.

This Syftem is confirmed hence, That both the Stomach and Bladder, even of a dead Animal, ate found eafily per- meable to Water.

Accordingly, Dr. Morgan affures us, that if the Contents of the Abdomen be taken out of an animal Body, after it is juft open'd ; and the Stomach be fill'd with warm Wa- ter, while the Parts are yet reaking ; the Liquor will pafs into the Bladder, which will vifibly receive it, and be fill'd in pioportion as the Stomach empties.

The fame Author adds, that if a Ligatute be made up- on the Ureters, while the Animal is yet living, and the Blood continues to circulate; tho this muft cut off all Com- munication from the Kidneys to the Bladder ; yet any Li- quor with which the Stomach is fill'd will pafs into the Eladder.

From the whole, tho fome of our beft Anatomifts hold that a Circulation of the whole Mafs of Blood is effected in five Minutes, and others in two ; which mighr account for the quick Paffage of rhe Urine ; 'tis hatd to conceive, but that part of it muft go immediately from the Stomach into the Bladder.

The general Defign of Nature in this new Vrmary Drain,

U R i

we have an Inftance
 * Tears old, that pifs'd

is fuppofed to be to prevent ahy fudden Plethora; rjr immo- derate Diftenfion of the Veffels upon drinking.

As a neceffary Confcquence of this Syftem, the Author eftabhfhes two kinds of Urines ; the one filtrated immedi- ately out of the Stomach into the Bladder; rhe other mak- ing the long Courfe of the Circulation.

In the 'Philofophical Tranfa&ions. given us, by Mr. Toung, of a Boy fi: off almoft all his Urine by his Navel

In the fame TranfaSions, Dr. Richardfon gives an Ac- count of a Boy at North Bierly in Torkjhire, who liv'd to feventeen Tears of Age without ever making Water ; yet was in perfect Health.— He had conftantly a Diarrhea on him, but without much uneafinefs. — The Obftruftion, that Author obferves, muft have been in his Kidneys ; for he had never any Inclination to make Water.

Urines are ofvarious Kinds and Properties. — ■ After drink- ing plentifully of any aqueous Fluid, the Urine is crude, in- fipid, void of Smell, and eafily retain'd. — That yielded by Chyle well concocted, is ftiarper, more faline, lefs copious, fomewhat fetid, and more ltimulating. — That from Chyle already converted into Serum, is redder, iharper, falter, and more fetid and ftimulating. — And that fecern'd after long Abftinence, from Humours well concocted and wore off the folid Parts, is the lead copious, Iharpeft, falteft, red- deft, moft fetid, almoft putrify'd, and of all others the hard- eft to retain.

The Urine, therefore, contains the watery Part of the Blood, its Iharpeft, fubtilett, and moft volatile Salt, and that neareft to the alkaline Kind ; its fharpeft, fmalleft, and moft volatile Oil, and that neareft to Putrefaction ; and its fmalleft moft volatile Earth. See Blood.

The Sal Armoniac of the Antients was prepar'd from Ca- mels Urine. See Armoniac.

And the ■Thofphorus, in ufe among us, from human Urine. See Phosphorus.

Salt-petre is likewife prepar'd from the Urine, and other Excrements of Animals. See Salt-petre.

The Indians fcarce ufe any other Medicine but Cows Urine. — The Spaniards make great ufe of Urine to clean their Teeth withal : So did the Celtiberians of old.

Urine is alfo ufed in Dying, to ferment and warm the Woad. — Old Urine, tinges Silver with a fine gold Colour.

The Xtifirders in the Urine ate various. See Strangu- ry, Retention, Diaeetes, Stone, Nubecula, S?c.

Urine, in Medicine. The Urine affords one of the

principal Criterions, or Signs whereby Phyficians judge of the State of the Patient, and the Courfe of the Difeafe. See Sign, Symptom, Disease, &c.

In cafting, or examining Urine, the Things to be confi- der'd, are, its Quantity, Colour, Smell, Tafte, Fluidity, and the Matters Twimming therein.

An abundance of Urine, indicates a Loofenefs of the Re- nal Pipes; a Diminution of Perfpiration ; Sweat; Saliva; an imperfect Mixture of the Blood, whereby the watery Parrs feparate eafily from the reft ; a nervous Indifpofition ; a co- pious drinking of fome aqueous Liqiud, or fome Diuretic ta- ken. — Such Urine prefages a Thicknefs of what is left behind, and its Acrimony ; Thirft, Anxiety, Obftructions, and their Effects, a dry, thirfty, hot Confumption.

A contrary State of rhe Urine indicates the Contraries - and prefages future Repletions, Heavinefs, Droufinefs Con- vulfive Tremors, cifc.

A thin, limpid, infipid, colourlefs, tafllefs Urine, denotes a great Conftriction of the Renal Veffels, and at the fame time, a brill Agitation of the Humours ; a ftrong Cohefion of the Oil, Salt, and Earth in the Blood it felf, and an im- perfect Mixture of the aqueous Parts therewith ; fome grie- vous Indifpofition of the Mind, a hyfteric or hypochondriac Fit ; a Debility of the Vifiera ; Cruditv, Pituita, Obftruc- tions of the Veffels ; and, in acute Difeafes, a want of a Coction and Crifis.— Such Urine portends much the fame as a too copious Urine ; and in acute inflammatory Difeafes, a bad Condition of the Vifiera, Deliria, Phrenfies, Convul- fions, Death.

Ruddy Urine, without any Sediment, in acute Difeafes indicates a violent Motion and Attrition among the Parts that conftitute the Humours, and between the Veffels and the Humouts ; a clofe intimate Mixture _of the Oil Salt Earth and Water in the Humours : and hence a great Cru- dity of the Difeafe, and its long Duration, and great Danger. —Such Urine prefages gangrenous Deftrucfions of the fineft Veffels ; chiefly thofe of the Brain and Cerebel, and thence Death : a difficult Coftion ; a flow, doubtful Crifis : And all thefe the worfe, as the Urine is redder, and freer of Sediment. If there be a heavy copious Sediment, it fhews a ftrong antecedent Attrition ; loofe Veffels ; fharp, faline, colliquated Blood, unfit for Nutrition ; intermitting Fevers- and Scurvy.

The Prefages are, the Durablenefs of the Difeafe wear- ing of the Veffels, Weaknefs, colliquative Sweats, Saliva Wc. Atrophy, and Dropfy. — If the Sediment in fuch Ur'w't