Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/982

 U NI

Study in the divers Faculties are taken up. See Art, and" Science.

In each Vniverfity, four Faculties are ufually taught ; Theology, Medicine, Law, and the Arts and Sciences. See Faculty.

They are call'd Vniverfities, or Vniverfal Schools, by reafon the four Faculties are fuppofed to make the World or Univerfe of Study.

In the Eye of the Law, an Vniverfity is held a mere Lay Body, or Community ; tho, in reality, it be a mix'd Body, compos'd partly of Laymen, and partly of Eccleiiaf- ticks. See Community, Company, e?e.

Vniverfities had their firft Rife in the XHth and XHIth Centuries. — Thofe of 'Paris and Boulogne pretend to be the firtt that were fet on foot ; but then they were on a diffe- rent Footing from the Vniverfities among us. See Semi- nary, and School.

The Vniverfity of Paris is faid to have commenced un- der Charlemaim, and to owe its Rife to four Englifimen,

C 325 3

V o c

on or Copulation of a Male and Female of the fame Species or Denomination : and, that Infects were produced by Equi- vocal Generation, without any Seed, and merely of the Corruption of the Earth exalted, and as it were impreona-

« 3 " h B e ,^ U ?' s, Ra 5' s - See Equivocal, Insect, tie.

some Y nilolophers make a kind of Intermediate Genera- tion between Equivocal and Vmvocal, which they call Analogous Generation. See Generation.

UNIVOCALS, call'd by the Greeks, Syonyma's, are de- fined by Anflotle to be thofe Things whole Name is com- mon, and the Reafon correfponding to the Name, that is, the Definition of the Idea affix'd to it, the fame.

Thus, under the Name and Definition of Animal, Man and Brute are equally included 5 and Circle and Square in the Realon or Definition of a Figure.

Here, the word, as Figure, theyufe to caWVnivocumun'mo-

cans, or univocatwg Vmvocal; and the Things included under

the um vocal Name, Vnivoca univocata, umvocatedVnivocals.

rjifcmle, nf v™™i,i, v.j' „\""~ " "T "TV — T* .-. .^VOCATION, in Logicks and Metaphyficks.— The

f*$*Jj£?% ^^tS^^-^^ S-- 1 -"™ ha «>S, di<P-ed about ^Location of

,, and accordingly held their firft Leflures in Places afftgn'd 'em by that Prince : Such is the Account given by Gaguin, Gilles, de Beauvais, &c. Tho the Authors who wrote in thofe Days, as Eginard, Jlcmon, Rbeginon, Sigebert, &c. make not the leaf! men- tion thereof.

Add, that Pafquier, du Tillet, &c. declare openly againft the Opinion ; and affert, that its firft Foundations were not laid till Louis the Young, and Philip Augufte, in the XHth

Century The earliefl mention we find made of it, is in

Regordus, who lived in that Age ; and who was Corempo- rary with 'Peter Lombard, the Matter of the Sentences, the great Glory of that Vniverfity ; in Memory of whom, an Anmverfary is to this Day obferv'd by that Body, in the Church of S. Marcel, where he lies buried.

But 'tis certain it was not eftablifh'd all at once : It ap- pears to have been at firft no other than a publick School in the Cathedral Church ; from which it grew, by little and little, under the Favour and Protection of the Kings, in- to a regular Body.

In effect, our own Vniverfities, Oxford and Cambridge, feem intitled to the greateft Antiquhy of any in the World ; and Vmverflty, Baliol, and Merton Colleges in Oxford, and St. 'Peter's in Cambridge, all made Colleges in the Xlllth Century, may be faid to be the firft regular Endowments of this kind in Europe.

For tho Vniverfity College in Cambridge had been a Place for Students ever Since the Year 872 ; yet this, like many of the other antient Colleges beyond Sea, and Leyden to this Day, was no proper College ; but the Students, with- out any DiSSinflion of Habit, iiv'd in Citizens Houfes ; hav- ing only Meeting-Places to hear Leftures, and difpute.

In After-times, there were Houfes built for the Students to live in Society ; only each to be at his own Charge, as in the Inns of Court. See Inn.

Thefe,at firft, were call'd Inns ; but now Halls. SeeHALL.

At laft, plentiful Revenues were fettled on feveral of thefe Halls, to maintain the Students in Diet, Apparel, ££c. and thefe were call'd Colleges. See College.

The Vniverfities of Oxford and Cambridge are govern 'd, next under the King, by a Chancellor, who is to take care of the Government of the whole Vniverfity, to maintain the Liberties thereof, %$c. See Chancellor.

Under him is the High Steward, whofe Office is to af- fift the Chancellor and other Officers, when requir'd, in the Execution of their Offices ; and to hear and determine ca- pital Caufes, according to the Laws of the Land, and the Privileges of the Vniverfity.

The next Officer is the Vice-Chancellor, who officiates for the Chancellor in his abfence. — There are alfo two <ProBors, who affift in the Governmenr of the Vniverfity ; particu- larly in the Bufinefs of School-Exercife, taking up Degrees, punifhing Violaters of the Statutes, e?e. See Proctor.

Add, a publick Orator, Keeper of Records, Regifler, Beadles, and Virger.

For the Degrees taken up in each Faculty, with the Ex- ercifes, e?e. requifite thereto, fee Degree ; fee alio Doc- tor, Batchelor, e?e.

UNIVOCAL, in the Schools, is applied to two or more Name or Terms, that have but one Signification. In Op- position to Equivocal ; which is, where one Term has two or more Significations.

Or, Unifocal Terms, are fuch whofe Name, as well as Nature, is the fame ; in opposition to Eqnivocals, whofe Names are the fame, but their Natures very different. See Equivocal. i

For a thing to be predicated univocally of any others, it is to be attributed to all of them alike, and in the fame proper Senfe. See Predicate, and Preihcable. ,

Un 1 vocal Generation — The Doctrine of the Anrients with refpefl to Propagation, was, That all perfect Animals were produced by Vmvocal Generation, that is, by the folc Uni-

Being, 1. e. whether the general Idea of Being agree in the fame manner, and in the fame fenfe, to the Sunftance and the Accident ; to God, and the Creature.

UNLAWFUL, Illegal, fomething prohibired by, orcon- trary to, the Terms of a Law, either divine or human. See Law.

Unlawful AJfembly, is particularly ufed for the meeting of three or more Perfons together by Force, to commit lome unlawful Aft ; as to affault any Perfon, to enter his Houfe, or Land, lye. and thus abiding together, tho not attempt- ing the Execution thereof. See Assembly, Riot, iSc.

By the Stat. 16 Car. II. if five Perfons, or more, (hall be affembled together, above thofe of the Family, at uny Con- venticle or Meeting, under colour of any exercife of Reli- gion, it is unlawful, and puniffiable by Fines, and other- wife, as in that Statute is provided.

UNLIKE Quantities, and Signs in Algebra. See Like Signs and Quantities ; fee alfo Sign, and Quantity.

UNLIMITED or Indeterminate 'Problem, i^ fuch a one as is capable of infinite Solutions.— As, to divide a Tiangle given into two equal Parts, to make a Circle pafs thro' two Pointsaffign'd, ($c. See Problem.

UNLUTING, in Chymiftry, the taking away o r the Lute, Loam, or Clay, where-with aVeffel is clofed, join'd to another, or the like. See Lute.

UNMOOR, a Term ufed at Sea, when a Veffel that be- fore rid, or was held by two Anchors, is begun to get them up, and prepared to weigh. See Anchor and Moor.

UNGUES 'TV;/?, a Plea inLaw-fuit, by which a Man pro- feffes himfelf always ready to perform what the Demandant requires.

UNREEVING a Rope. See Reeve.

UNRIGGING of a Ship, is the taking away the Rig- ging or Cordage. See Rigging.

UNSEELING, in Falconry, a taking away the Thread that runs thro' the Hawk's Eye-lids and hinders her Sight. See Hawk, and Falconry.

Drawing the Strings of the Hood, to be in Readinefs to pull off, is call'd, Unfit-iking the Hood.

VOCABULARY, in Grammar, a Term Signifying, a Collection of the Words of a Language, with their Signifi- cations ; otherwife call'd a Dictionary, Lexicon, or Nomen- clature. See Word.

The Vocabulary is, properly, a leffer kind of Dictionary, which does not enter fo minutely into the Origins and diffe- rent Acceptations of Words. See Dictionary.

The Italian Vocabulary of the Academy de la Crufca, was forty Years in compiling.

TheWord is French, form'd of the obfolete term Vocable ; of the Latin, Vocabulum, word.

VOCAL, fomething that relates to the Voice. See Voice.

Thus, Vocal Prayer is that fpoke out, or delivered in words : In contra-diilinctionto mental Prayer. See Prayer.

In our antient CuStoms, Vocalis is frequently ufed for fo call'd — Pofi bac Morganus de tribu Walenfium, i$ alter no- mine Madocus vocalis princeps eorum. Mart. Paris.

The Term is fometimes alfo ufed fubftantively, in fpeak- ing of Matters of Election, to Signify a Perfon who has a right to vote. — A Man mull have been a Religious a certain number of Years, to be a Vocal. See Vote.

Vocal Mtific, is Mufic fet to Words, especially Verfes 5 and to be perform 'd with the Voice. In contra-diflinctionto Inftrnmental Mufic, compofed only for Instruments, without Singing. See Music

Poetry then makes a neceffary Part of Vocal Mufick; and this appears to have been the chief, if not the only Practice of the Antients, from the Definitions which they gave us of Mufic. See Harmony, eTe.

Their Vocal Mufic feems to have had fome Advantage over ours, in that the Greek and Latin Languages were bet- ter contrived to pleafe the Ear than the modern 'ones. In

effect, Vojjius taxes all the later Languages as unfit for Mufic, O o o and