Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/977

 UNC

C 3 2 ° )

U N D

This, fome call a Stir- Arbitrator.

Minjbezv fuppofes the Word form'd of the French tin fere, a Father.

UNCASING, among Hunters, the cutting up, or fleaing of a Fox.

UNCIA, a Term generally us'd for the twelfth Part of a

Thing. In this Senfe, the Word occurs in Latin Writers,

both for a Weight, call'd an Ounce ; and a Meafure, call'd an Inch. See Ounce, and Inch ; fee alfo Weight, and Measure.

Unci a "Terrg, or Agri, is a Phrafe frequently met withal in the antient Charters of the Sritijb Kings ; but what the Quantity of Ground was, is a little obfcure. — All that we know for certain, is, that it fignify'd a large Quantity, as much as 12 Modii. See Mom us 'Terrg.

UNCIj£, in Algebra, are the Numbers prefix'd to the Letters of the Members of any Power, produced from a Bino- mial, Refidual, or Multinomial Root. See Root.

Thus, in the fourth Power of a-\-b, that is, aaaa-\- n r aaab-\-6aabb-\-^abbb-\-bbbb, the Uncia are 4, 6, 4. See Power, l$c.

Sir I. Newton gives a Rule for finding the Uncia of any Power arifing from a Binomial Root. Thus :

Let the Index of the Power be called »? ; then will the Uncia arife from fuch a continual Multiplication as this, viz. ixt— _° x w _i x w-^a x m— -j x w — 4 g Ct Thus, if the

1 i 1 4 5

limits of the Biquadrate, or fourth Power, were requir'd ; the Rule is, ix 4 ~_°( = 4)x tZtL( = 6 ) xlr^ 2 (■= 4 ) xfc.?C = i); which fhews, that the Uncia are 1,4,6,4,1- See Polygonal Number.

Or thus : The Terms of any Powers are compounded of certain literal FaBums, with Numbers call'd Unrig, pre- fixed ; and the FaBums are found, by making two Geome- trical Progreffions j the firft of them beginning from the re- quir'd Power of the firft Part of the Root, and ending in Unity 5 and the fecond beginning with Unity, and ending in the requir'd Power of the fecond Part : Thus, for a fixth Power of a-\-b ;

a 6 a % a K a* a 3 a x firfl: Series, 1 b b* b* b* b % b* fecond Series, and multiplying the Terms of the fame Order in either Se- ries into one another: as, a* -]- a* b -\- a* b* -\- a* b'-^-a'b* ~\-a b?-\- b", out of which the fixth Power of a --bis com- pounded.

The Unrig, then, are found by writing the Exponents of the Powers of the fecond Series,/.*?. of £, under the Exponents of the Powers of the firft Series, i.e. of a$ and taking the firft Figure of the upper Series for the Numerator, and the firft of the lower for the Denominator of a Fraction, which is equal to the Unci a of the fecond Power 5 and fo for the reft. Thus, for the fixth Power we have, 654321

1 a 3 4 5 * Accordingly, — = 0" is the Uncia of the fecond Term of

the fixth Power 5 ^==^-^=15, the Uncia of the third

■4 1*0

Term;

= 20, the Uncia of the fourth Term 5
 * 15, the Uncia of the fifth Term ;
 * •?•+• *•* -=*£ =; 6, the Uncia of the fixth Term 5

1. 1-3- 4-; * ' '

6 s + * a I = i, the Uncia of the laft Power. See Py- ram id ax. Numbers.

UNCIAL, Uncialis, an Epithet which the Antiquaries give to certain large fiz'd Letters, or Characters, antiently us'd in Infcriptions and Epitaphs. See Letter, Capi- ta!., ££?£.

The Word is form'd from the Latin Uncia, the twelfth Part of any thing ; and which in geometrical Meafure fig- nify'd the twelfth Part of a Poor, viz. an Inch ; which was fuppofed the Thicknefs of one of thefe Letters.

UNCORE, or Unques <Prift, q. d. fiill ready, in Law, a Plea for the Defendant, being fued for a Debt due on a Day paft, to fave the Forfeiture of his Bond, &c. by af- firming, that he tender'd the Debt at the Time and Place, and that there was none to receive it ; and that he isjy^alfo ready to pay the fame.

UNCTION, the Act of anointing, or fmeering with Oil, or other fatty Matter.

Mercurial UnBion, properly applied brings on a Saliva- tion. See Salivation.

The Surgeons cure divers Wounds, Ulcers, £f?t\ by repeat' ed UnBions with Oils, Unguents, Cerats, ££c. See Oil, Unguent, Liniment, &c.

Unction, in Matters of Religion, is ufed for the Charac- ter confer'd on facred Things, by anointing 'em with Oil.

Such is the Unction of Kings, Prophets, Priefts, &c.

The UuBion of Kings is fuppos'd to be a Ceremony in- troduc'd very iare among Chrittian Princes : Onuphrius fuys, none of the Emperors were ever anointed before fujhinian »r Ju$in* The Emperors of Germany took up "the Prac-

tice from thofe of the Eaftcrn Empire. — King Tepin of France was the firft King who receiv'd the UnBion, See Coronation.

In the Ramify Church, befides an UnBion at Baprifm, on the Forehead, and at Confirmation, on the Head 5 they have an Extreme UnBion, given to People in the Pangs of Death, on the Parts where the five Senfes refide, being the Parts by which the Perfon might have finn'd. See Extreme UnBion.

UNCUTH, q. d. unknown, is ufed in the antient Saxon Laws, for him that comes to an Inn, Gueft-wife, and lies there but one Night : In which Cafe, his Hoft was not bound to anfwer for any Offence he committed, whereof he was guiltlefs himfelf.

■ Tri?na noBe potejl did Vncuth, Jecundo vero, Gueft,

tertia ncBe Hoghenehine. SraBon, Lib. III. See Third Night ci\<cn Hine.

UNDECAGON, is a regular Polygon of eleven Sides. See Polygon.

UNDECIMVIR, by the Greeks call'd OIENAEKA, and by Jul. Pollux, Bparcha ; a Magistrate among the antient Athenians, who had ten other Collegues, or Fellows in the fame Poft.

The Functions of 'the Undecpnyiri at Athens, were much the fame as thofe of the <Prevots de Marecbaujfee in France. They took care of the apprehending of Criminals ; fecur'd 'em in the Hands of JurHce ; and when they were con- demn'd, took 'em again into Cuftody, that the Sentence might be executed againft 'em.

They were chofe by the Tribes ; each Tribe naming its own : And as the Number of Tribes after Callijlhenes was but ten, which made but ten Eparcha, a Scribe or Notary was added, which made the Number eleven: Whence their Name OIENaEKA, or Undccimviri, as Cornelius Nepos calls 'em in the Life of Thocion.

UNDEE, or Undy, in Heraldry. See Wavy. UNDER the Sea, in the Sea Language. — A Ship is faid to be fo when {he lies ftill, or waits for fome other Ships, with her Helm la filed, or ty'd up a-Lee.

XJnT)er- Currents — Diftinct from the tipfer, or apparent Currents of the Seas. Some Naturalifts conclude, there are in divers Places Under-Currents, which fet or drive a con- trary way. See Current.

Dr. Smith, in the ^Fhilofophical TranfaBicns, brings the Hypothefis of Under-Currents to folve that remarkable Phe- nomenon, the Sea's fetting ftrongly thro' the Streights into the Mediterranean, with a conftant Current zo Leagues broad. — What fhould become of the vaft Quantity of Wa- ter pour'd in this way; as alfo, of that running from the Euxine, thro' the Sojphorus into the Hellespont, and thence into the Archipelago ; is a Speculation that has long em- ploy'd the Philofophcrs.

This Author's Conjecture is, That there is an Under-Cur- rent, whereby as great a Quantity of Water is carried out as comes in.

To confirm this, he obferves, that between the North and South Foreland, it is either high or low Water upon, the Shore three Hours before it is fo off at Sea : A certain Sign, that tho the Tide of Flood runs aloft, yet the Tide of Ebb runs under-foot, or clofe by the Ground.

He adds an Account from an able Sailor in the Saltick Sound; that going with their Pinnace into themiddle Stream, they were carry 'd violently away by the Current : But that finking a Bucket with a large Cannon Bullet to a certain Depth of Water, it gave check to the Boat's Motion ; and finking it ftill lower, the Boat was driven a-head to the Windward, againft the upper Current, which was not above four or five Fathom deep.

Dr. Halley folves the Current's fetting in at the Streights, without overflowing the Banks, from the great Evaporations; without fuppofing any Under-Current. See Vapour, and Evaporation.

TJnder#o^, is Coppice, or any Wood that is not ac- counted Timber. See Coppice, and Timber.

UtnyzR-Cbamberlain of the Exchequer, is an Officer there that cleaves the Tallies, and reads the fame ; lb that the Clerk of the Pell, and the Comptrollers thereof, may fee that the Entries are true. See Exchequer, Tally, Pells, &c.

He alfo makes Searches for all Records in the Treafury, and hath the Cuftody of the Doomfday Book. — There are two Officers of this Name.

UnvEK-T'reafurer of England, Fice-T'befawar ins Anglig* an Officer mention'd in the Stat. 59 Eliz. and whom feve- ral other Statutes confound with Treafurer of the Exchequer. See Exchequer.

In the Vacancy of the Lord Treafurer's Office, he did every thing in the Receir, that the Lord Treafurer himfelf does. He alfo chefted up the King's Treafuie at the End of every Terra, and noted the Content of Money in each Cheft, and faw it carried to the King's Treafury in the Tower, for the eafe of the Lord Treafurer, &c. See Treasurer.

Under- 3