Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/975

 ULC

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U L N

Mmhin their Bellies, and bring forth live Vipers. See Viper. r

In the Tbilofiphical TranfaSI. we have an Account ot a

Viviparous Fly, of the Oeflrum or Gad-kind. lit. Lifter

tells us he open'd feveral Females of this Clafs, and found, in each, two Bags of live white Worms. The like is hinted by Aldrovandus.

Dr. lifter fufpeBs, that all of this Tribe are, in fome meafure, Viviparous. See Insects.

VIVO, in Architeflure, the Shaft, or Fuft of a Column. See Shaft, and Column.

The Term is alfo ufed in a more particular Senfe, for the Naked of a Column, or other Parr. See Naked.

VIZARD, or Vizor. See Mask.

VIZOR, or Vizard, in Heraldry. See Gardevisure.

ULCER, Ulcus, in Medicine, a Solution or Difcontinuity of Texture, or a lofs of Subftance in the flefhy Parts of the Body, proceeding from an internal Caufe. See Solution.

Galea defines it an inveterate Erofion of the foft Parts of the Body, by which, inftead of Blood, they are brought to yield a kind of Pus, or Sanies ; which prevents the Confo- lidation.

Etmuller defines an Ulcer, a Solution of Continuity from fome corofiveSharpnefs or Acidity, that takes away from the Parts, and turns the proper Nourifhment of the Body into a famous Matter. — A like Solution of Continuity happening in a bony Part, is call'd a Caries. See Caries.

Galen commonly ufes the Words Ulcer and Wound, in- differently 5 but the Arabs, and the Moderns after them, diftinguifh between the two. See Wound.

Spontaneous Ulcers, are generally fuppofed to proceed from Acrimony, or a corrofive Difpofition of the Humours of the Body, whether brought on by Poifons, the venereal Taint, or other Caufes.

Ulcers are divided into Simple, and complicated: They are again divided, with regard to their Circumflances, into 'Putrid, or Sordid, wherein the Flefh all around is corrupt- ed and fetid ; Verminous, where the Matter being thick, does not flow away, but generates Worms, &c. Virulent, which inftead of Pus, or Sanies, yield a malignant Virus, &c.

They are again diftinguifh'd, with regard to their Form, into Sinuous, Fiftulous, Variants, Carious, &c.

When an Ulcer happens in a good Conftitution, and proves eafy of Cure, 'tis faid to be Simple.

When attended with other concurring Symptoms, as a Cacochymic Habit, which greatly retards or obftmcls the Cure, it is called a Compound Ulcer.

A Simple Ulcer is attended with no other Sign than that of Erofion 5 but Compound Ulcers, happening in a Scorbutic, Dropfical, or Scrophulous Conftitution, may be attended with Pain, a Fever, Convulfions, a large and emaciating Difcharge of Matter, Inflammation and Swelling of the Part, Callofity of the Lips, a Caries of the Bones, tgc.

A Putrid or Sordid Vlcer, is that whofe Sides are lined with a tough, vifcous Humour, and is alfo attended with Heat, Pain, Inflammation, and a large Flux of Humours to the Part: With time the Series increafe and change Colour, the Ulcer corrupts, its Matter grows fetid, and fometimes the Part gangrenates. — Putrid Fevers often give rife to this kind of Ulcer.

A Phagedenic Ulcer, is an Ulcer of a corrofive Na- ture, eating away the adjacent Parts all a-round ; the Lips thereof remaining tumefied. When this kind of Ulcer eats deep, and fpreads wide, without being attended with a Tu- mour, but putrifles and grows foul and fetid, 'tis call'd Noma ; and both, on account of the Difficulty wherewith they heal, are alfo termed tlyfepulota.

Varicous Ulcers, are fuch as being feated in the Veins, and becoming painful and inflammatory, fwell up the Part they

poffefs.- -Thefe, when recent, being occafion'd by the Ufe

of Corrofives, or proceeding from a ruptured Varix, are often attended with an Haemorrhage.— The Veins adjacent to the Ulcers are, in this cafe prseter-naturally diftended, and may fometimes be felt interwoven together, like net- work, about the Part.

Simtons Ulcers, are fuch as run a-flant or fide-ways from their Orifice, and may be known either by fearching with the Probe, Wax-Candle, gfc. or the Quantity of Matter they difcharge in proportion to their apparent magnitude. — Thefe fometimes lie deep, and have feveral Turnings: they are diftinguifhed from FtftulaS only by their want of Cal- lofity, except in the vety Orifice.

Fiftulous Ulcers, are fuch as are finuous, or winding, and attended with great Callofity, and difcharge a thin, ferous, and fetid Matter.

Old Ulcers are rarely cured without the Ufe of Internals, • which are to be fuch as abforb and deftroy the Acidity ; Sudorificks efpecially, Decoctions of the Woods, Antimo- niais, Viperines, and Volatiles j but above all things Vo- mitories often repeated : In the moft obftinate c77cen, mer- curial Salivation is often required ; Old Ulcers are frequently incurable without making anlflue in the oppofite Part.

The Cure of fifflple, fhallow Ulcers, is commonly affefled by applying a Pledget armed with Liniment, arfrei, or Sajilic. (lav. to the Part, a Plaifter ofHiachyl./imf.ot deMimo, being laid over it, and repeating the dreffing once a-day, or feldomer.

If only the Cuticulabc loft or eat away, nothing more than a little Unguent, de Siccativ. Flub, or Diapomphol. &c. fpread thin upon Linen, need be applied.

If fpongy Flefh fliould grow up, in either cafe it maybe kept down with a little Roman Vitriol, &c. as in cafe of healing up the Simple Ulcers made by the breaking of the common Tumors.

Evacuations are indifpenfibly neceflary in the Cure of Ulcers of the compound kind, where rhe Conftitution will admit thereof.

If the Ulcer be fiftulous, finuous, cancerous, i£c. and the Mattet fetid, thin, or fanious, it is found proper to join Ca- lomel with the Purgatives, or to give it in fmall Dofes, be- tween the Repetitions thereof, fo as not to falivate.

Befides the Ufe of evacuating Medicines, it will here alfo be proper to order a Courfe of Diet-drink, made with the Sudorifick Woods, efpecially where the Ulcer is fufpefted to be Venereal.- — - In the mean time proper Dreflings are to be ufed.

When the Ulcer obftinately refills this Treatment, a Sali- vation is generally propofed, and feldom fails to promote the Cure, tho all other Remedies fhould have been tried in vain. If the Patient be too weak to undergo the Fatigue of a thorough Salivation, it may be moderated, and kept up the longer, in Proportion to his Strength. See Salivation.

External Medicines for Ulcers, are Digeftives, Cleanfers,

Sarcoticks, and Epuloticks. Monfieur Sellofte gives us a

Medicine of lingular Efficacy in the Cure of Ulcers ; and it is no more than a Decoftion of Walnut Leaves in Water, with a little Sugar ; in which a Linen Cloth being dipp'd, is to be laid on the Ulcer, and this to be repeated every fe- cond or third Day. This fimple and vulgar Medicine he finds fuppurates, deterges, incarnates, refifts Putrefaction, (gc. more than any other Medicine known.

An Ulcer in the Lungs makes what we call a Phtbijis. See Phthisis.

The Venereal Difeafe is a grand Source of Ulcers ; parti- cularly in the Trapuce and Glans, in, Men ; the Vagina, &c. in Women ; and in the Mouth and Palate in both. See Venereal fDifeafi.

Venereal Ulcers are of various kinds ; thofe that grow callous and cancrous, are call'd Shankers. SeeSnANKER.

ULCERATION, a little Aperture, or Hole in the Skin, caufed by anUlcer.

Cauftic Medicines fometimes occafion Ulcerations in the Skin. See Caustics.

Arfenic always Ulcerates the Parts it flicks to. — A Flux at the Mouth Ulcerates the Tongue and Palate. See Sa- livation.

ULIGINOUS, Uliginosus, implies as much as moift, mooriih, fenny. See Fen, Bog, Morass, iic.

ULLAGE of a Cask, is fo much as a Veffel wants of be- ing full.

ULNA, in Anatomy, a long, hard Bone in the Arm, with a Cavity in the Middle ; call'd alfo Focile Majus, and Cu- bitus. See Arm, and Cubitus.

The Ulna lies on the infide of the Fore-Arm, reaching from the Elbow to the Wrift ; is big at its upper-end, and grows fmaller to its lower-end.

At its upper it has two Procefles, which are received in- to the fore and hind Sinus's of the Extremity of the Hu- merus. The foremoft Procefs is fmall and fhort ; the hind- moft, called 'Ot.tx.ff.nv, is bigger and longer : it flays the Fore- Arm, when it comes to a ftraitLine with the Arm. See Olecranon.

Betwixt thefe Procefles it has a femi-circular Sinus, which receives the inner Protuberance of the lower-end of the Hu- merus, upon which we bend and extend our Fore- Arm 5 and along the middle of that there runs a fmall Ridge, by which this Bone is articulated to the Humerus by Ginglymus.

Had the Articulation here been an Arthrodia, the Joint

muft have been much weaker ; but the Hand could have received no more Motion from it than it has now from the Shoulder. ,

The infide of this upper-end has a fmall Sinus, which re- ceives the Circumference of the round Head of the Radius, Its lower Extremity, which is round and fmall, is received into a Sinus, in the lower-end of rhe Radius 5 and upon this Extremity, it has a fhort and fmall Procefs, from which the Ligaments which tie it to the Bones of the Wrift arife : this Procefs ferves to keep the Bones of the Wrift in their

place. „ „, ,-

Ulna, an£«in meafure. See Ell, and Measure. Ulna' Ferret, is an old Law-word for the Standard Iron- Ell, kept in the Exchequer. See Standard. ULNAGE. See Alnage.

ULNARIS,