Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/964

 V I o

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father- In trance, a Decree or Ordonnance of the proper Judge, and a folemn Publication thereof, are requir'd, ere the Vin

The Word is alfo ufed for the Time or Seafon of gather ing or prefling the Grapes,

Vi V

tage can be begun.

VINOUS, Vinosus, fomething that relates to Wine ; particularly the Tafle, and Smell thereof. See Wine.

All Vegetables, by a due Treatment, afford a Vinous Li- quor ; as Corn, Pulfe, Nuts, Apples, Grapes, igc. See Malt, Brewing, %?ig.

Cfol tit ori the firft Line, to denote the Piece intended for? this Inflrument;

7°, Their Viola Secunda, is much the fame with our Te- nor 7 l °'[ n 5 havin S ,he Ke y of c fil at on the fecond Line.

8, Their Viola Terza, is nearly our Fifth Violin ; the Key CJol tit on the third Line.

9°, Their Viola giiarta, or Fourth Viol, is not known in England or France : Tho we frequently find it in the Ita- lian Compofitions ; the Key on the fourth Line.

Laftly, their Violena, or" little Viol ; is, in reality* out And a fecond Fermentaeon, duly manag'd, turns any Tripled/.- Tho Strangers frequently confound the Term Vtimus Liquor into an acetous one. See Vinegar. ■— '-* - u --

The proper Charafter and Effect of Fermentation, is to produce either a Vinous or an acetous Quality in the Body fermented. See Fermentation.

Some ol our Countrymen, bound on a Voyage to the Eaft Indies, having fill'd feveral Cafks with Thames-Water, to carry along with 'em ; obferv'd an intefline Motion in it, when they came to the Equator ; and found it afterwards turn'd into a kind of Vinous Liquor, capable of affording an inflammable Spirit by Diftillation.

This, without difpute, proceeded from the Flowers, Leaves, Roots, Fruits, and other vegetable Matters, continually fall- ing or wafh'd down into that River. Such Waters are al- ways found in a State of Putrefaflion, ere they put on a Vinous Nature. See Putrefaction.

VINUM, a Liquor, or Drink, popularly call'd Wine. See Wine.

Vinum, in Medicine, or Vinum Medication, is particu- larly applied to feveral medicated Wines, i. e. Medicinal Preparations, whereof that Liquor is the Balis ; fuch as the

Vinum Marinum, Sea- Wine; made by calling Sea- Water on the Grapes in the Vat.

Vinum Cydonites, Quince- Wine ; made of Slices of that Fruit, fteep'd in Muff, or new Wine.

Vinum Rofatum, Rofe-Wine; made by fleeping Rofes for three Months in Wine.

Vinum Strobilites, or Pine-Apple Wine : — Vinum Hyfo- fites, Hyfop-Wine.

Vinum Aromaticum, made by infufing Aromaticks, or Spices, in new Wine or Mull.

Vinum Picatum, pitch'd Wine ; made of Pitch infus'd in Mull.

Vinum, call'd MoAcetum, Scilliticum. SeeSciLLiTicuM.

Vinum Abfynthites, or Wormwood- Wine ; is made of the great or little Abfynthillm, by taking the Apices or Tops of the Flowers, putting them in a Sacculus, or Bag, and fuf- pending it in the middle of a Veffel of Wine ; which fer- menting, extract the Tafle, Smell, and Virtues of the Worm- wood.

Vinum Emeticum, Emetic Wine; is Wine wherein Glafs, Regulus of Antimony, and Crocus Metallomm have been fteep'd. See Emetic.

It only takes a certain degree of Efficacy from the Mat- ters ; nor is it found any flronger at three Months end, than at the end of eight Days. — It purges both upwards and down- wards. ■

Vinum Hippocraticum, or Hippocras ; fo called of Manica Hippocratis, or Hippocrates^ Sleeve, thro' which it is {train- ed ; is a fort of fpiced Wine, in which Sugar and Spices have been ileeped for fbmetime. See Claret, &c.

VIOL, a Mufical Inflrument, of the fame Form with the Violin ; and flruck, like that, with a Bow. See Violin.

There are Viols of divers Kinds : The firft, and the prin- cipal, among us, is the Safi-Viol, call'd by the Italians Viola di Gamba, or the Leg-Viol ; becaufe held between the Legs.

'Tis the largefl of all ; and is mounted with fix Strings, having eight Stops, or Frets, divided by Semi-tones.

Its Sound is very deep, foft, and agreeable. — The Tabla- ture, or Mufick for the Bafs-Viol, is laid down on fix Lines, or Rules.

What the Italians call Alto Viola, is the Counter- Tenor of this ; and their Tenore Viola the Tenor. They fome- times call it fimply the Viol : Some Authors will have it the Lyra, others the Cithara, others the Chelis, and others the tefludo of the Antients. See Lyra, l$c.

2, The Love-Viol, which is a kind of Triple Viol, or Vio- lin ; having fix brafs or fteel Strings, like thofe of the Harp- fichord. — It yields a kind of filver Sound, which has fome- thing in it very agreeable.

Viola di "Bardonc ; but little known among us.
 * °, A Large Viol, with 44. Strings, call'd by the Italians

4°, The Viola Saftarda, or Saftard Viol, of the Italians ; not ufed among us : Sroffard takes it to be a kind of Safs- Viol, mounted with fix or feven Strings, and tuned as the common one.

5°, What the Italians call Viola di Sraccio, Arm-Viol ; or fimply Sraccio, Arm ; is an Inflrument anfwering to our Counter- Tenor, Treble, and Fifth Violin.

6°, Their Viola 'Prima, or Firjl Viol, is really our Coun- ter-Tenor Vicl:

with what we have faid of the Viola 'Prima, Secunda, 'terza, &c.

Viol is alfo a Term ufed among Mariners, when a flrand Rope is bound fall with Nippers to the Cable, and brought to the Jeer-Capftan, for the better weighing of the Anchor. See Anchor.

VIOLATION, the Act of Violating, i. e. forcing a Wo- man, or committing a Rape upon her. See Rape.

Amnion, David's Son, violated ms Sifter, who was aveng'd by Abfalom : Tereus violated his Sitter-in-Law Philomela.

To violate the Queen, the King's Elded Daughter, or

the Princefs of Wales, is High Treafon. See Treason. Violation is alfo ufed in a Moral Senfe for a Breach or

Infringment upon a Law, Ordinance, or the like. Thus,

we fay, A Violation of the Law of Nature, of a Treaty of

Peace, of one's Oath, i?,c. The Law of Nations was

violated in the Infult offet'd to Mr. S. the King's Em-

baffador at Madrid.

The Word is alfo ufed for a Profanation. In this Senfe,

we fay, to violate a Church, &c. See Profanation.

VIOLENT, in the Schools. A Thing is faid to be vio- lent, when effected by fome external Principle ; the Body that undergoes it contributing nothing thereto, but flruggling againll it.

The Body, in fuch Cafe, is faid to Jlniggle, by reafon whatever is Violent, difcompofes and diffracts a thing from its natural Coniliturion, and tends to dettroy it.

The Schoolmen all allow, that Man, as being endu'd with Reafon, is capable of fuffering fuch Violence ; but brute and inanimate Bodies are not : In Sriltllm, &c. Violentum non cadit.

VIOLIN, or Fiddle, a Mufical Inflrument, mounted with four Strings, or Guts ; and {truck, or play'd with a Bow.

The Violin confifls, like moll other Inttruments, of three Parts ; the tfeck, the Table, and the Soundboard.

At the Sides are two Apertures, and fometimes a third towards the Top, .fhaped like a Heart.

Its Bridge, which is below the Apertures, bears up the Strings, which are fallen'd to the two Extremes of the In- flrument; atone of them, by a Screw, which llretches, or loofens 'em at pleafure.

The Style and Sound of the Violin, is the gayefl and moll fprightly of all other Instruments ; and hence it is of allothef the fitteft for dancing. Yet there are ways of touching it, which render it grave, foft, languifhing, and fit for Church or Chamber Mufick.

It generally makes the Treble, or highefl Part in Conforts. — Its Harmony is from Fifth to Fifth. Its play is compofed of Bafs, Counter-Tenor, Tenor, and Treble ; to which may be added, a Fifth Part : Each Part has four Fifths, which rife to a greater Seventeenth.

In Compofitions of Mufick, Violin is exprefs'd by V: two V V denote two Violins.

The Word Violin, alone, {lands for Treble Violin : When the Italians prefix Alto, Tenore, or Sajfo, it then expreffes the Counter-Tenor, Tenor, or Bafs Violin.

In Compofitions where there are two, three, or more dif- ferent Violins, they make ufe of prime, fecundo, terzo, or of the Charaaers 1° II" 111°, or i° z" 3°, & c, to denote the difference.

The Violin has only four Sttings, each of a different thick- nefs, the fmallefl whereof makes the Eft mi of the highefl Octave of the Organ ; the fecond, a Fifth below the firft, makes the A mi la ; the third, a Fifth below the fecond, is T)lare; laftly, the fourth, a Fifth below the third, is G refol.

Moft Nations, ordinarily, ufe the Key G refol on the fe- cond Line, to denote the Mufick for the Violin ; only in France, they ufe the fame Key as the firft Line at bottom : The firft Method is befl whete the Song goes very low, the fecond where it goes very high.

The Violoncella of the Italians, is properly our Fifth Vio- lin ; which is a littie Bafs Violin with five or fix Strings.

And their Violcne is a Double Bafs, almoft twice as big as the common Bafs Violin, and the Strings bigger and longer, in proportion ; and confequently, its Sound an Oclave lower than that of our Bafs Violin, which has a noble Effecl in great Concerto's.

Natural Hiftory, a kind of Serpent, famed

VIPER, in not only for the exceeding Venomoufnefs of its Bite, which
 * at leafl, they commonly ufe the Cliff of is one of the moft dangerous Poifons in the Animal King-

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