Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/960

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are equally bent and inflecled. See Chord, Elasticity,

FlBRE, &C. \

The Vibrations of a Springy too, are proportional to the Powers whereby it is bent : Thefe follow the fame LawsVs thofe of the Cord, or Pendulum, and confequently are equi-diurnal ; which is the Foundation of Spring- WatcheJ. See Spring, and Watch.

Vibration is alfo ufed in Phyficks, fife, for divers other regular alternate Motions.

Senfation is fuppofed to be perform'd by means of the vi- bratory Motion of the Nerves, begun by external Objects, and propagated to the Brain. See Sensation, Vision, Nerve, &c.

The feveral forts of Rays of Light, Sir I. Newton con- ceives to make Vibrations of feveral bignettes ; which, ac- cording to thofe bigneiTes, excite Scnfations of feveral Co- lours $ much after the fame manner as Vibrations of Air, according to their feveral bigneffes, excite Senfations of fe- veral Sounds. See Colour, Sound, %£c.

Heat, according to the fame Author, is only an Accident of Light, occafion'd by the Rays putting a fine, fubtil, ethe- rial Medium which pervades all Bodies, into a vibrative Motion, which gives us that Senfation. See Medium, and Heat.

From the Vibrations or Pulfes of this fame Medium, he accounts for the alternate Fits of eafy Reflexion and eafy Tranfmiffion of theRays. SeeLiGHT,RAY,REFLEXioN,^.

In the tphilofopbical Tranjaftions it is obferv'd, that the Butterfly into which the Silkworm is transform'd, makes 130 Vibrations or Motions of its Wings in one Coition.

VICAR, Vicarius, a Perfon appointed as Lieutenant of another ; to perform his Functions, in his Abfence, and un- der his Authority. See Lieutenant.

The Pope pretends to be Vicar of Jefus Chrifl on Earth. He has under him a Grand-Vicar, who is a Cardinal, and whofe Jurifdiclion extends over all Pricfts, both Secular and Regular ; and even over Laymen.

The Word is form'd from Vicarim, qui alterhis vices gerit.

Among the antient Romans, Vicarius, Vicar, was proper- ly a kind of Lieutenant, fent into the Provinces where there was no Governour : So that they were properly the Empe- ror's Vicars, not thofe of Governours. Cod. de Offlc. Vicar.

Italy, in the Time of the Eaftern Empire, was govern 'd by two Vicarii : The one Vicar of Italy, who reflded at Milan ; the other of the City, who relided at Home.

Cujas obferves, that the Word Vicar was fometimes, tho rarely, attributed to the Lieutenant-Generals of Proconfuls, or Governours of Roman Provinces.

Vicar, in the Canon Law, a Prieft of a Parifli the pre- dial Tithes whereof are impropriated, or appropriated 5 that is, belong either to a Chapter, Religious Houfe, l°$c. or to a Layman, who receives em, and only allows the Vicar the fmall Tithes, or a convenient Salary, antiently call'd 'JPortio covgnia. See Tithe, Appropriation, &c.

He is thus called quajl vice fungem Retforis, as ferving for, or in lieu of a Reftor, who would be intitled to the great Tithes. See Rector.

Thefe Vicars were antiently call'd Terpettti Vicarii ; be- caufe not appointed by .the Impropriator, and licens'd by the Bifliop to read Service ; but prefented by the Patron, and Canonical Inflitution given 'em by the Hands of the Ordi- nary 5 and fo having conftant Succeflion, as Corporations, and never dying.

The Canonifhs mention four Species of Vicars : fome 'Per- petual 5 others appointed for a certain Time, and on fome fpecial Occafion, cali'd Mercenarii ; others call'd Speciales, appointed not for the whole Cure, but for fome certain Place, Article, or Aft: others Generalcs, neither perpetual, nor ap- pointed for any certain A3, but for all Things in the general.

Vicar General, was a Title given by King Henry VIII. to "Thomas Cromwell Earl of EJJex ; with full Power to over- fee the Clergy, and regulate all Matters relating to Church Affairs.

VICE, Vitium, in Ethicks, is ordinarily defined an elec- tive Habit, deviating, either in Excels, or in Defefl, from a jult Medium wherein Virtue is placed. See Virtue.

3 Tis call'd a Habit, to dirtinguifh it from Sin, which is only an Ac! : Hence, a Sin is look'd on as fomething tranfient 5 and a Vice as fomething permanent. See Sin, Habit, &c

Authors dilHnguifli three States of Vice ; the firft. Incon- tinentia, of Incontinence, wherein a Perfon fees, and ap- proves the Good, but is hurried to Evil by the Violence of his Paflions : The fecond, Intemperantice, of Intemperance j wherein even the Judgment is depraved, and perverted. The third, Feritatis, of Obduracy 5 wherein the Perfon is to- tally immers'd in Vice, without any fenfe or feeling thereof.

The State of Incontinency is confider'd as Infirmity, where- in the Perfon feels the /harpeft Stings of Confcience : That of Intemperance, as Malice, wherein the Remorfe is not fo lively. In that of Obduracy there is none. See Conscience.

Vice, in Smithery, and other Arts employ'd in Metals, is a Machine or Initrument, ferving to hold fail the Pieces

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to be filed, bent, riveted, igc. See SmithEry, Sgc.

To file fquare, 'tis abfolutely neceflary the Vice be placed perpendicular, with its Chaps parallel to the Work-Bench. See Filing.

The Parts of the Vice are, the Face, or 'Plane, which is its uppermofl Part ; the Chaps, which are cut with a baftard Cut, and well temper 'd ; the Screiv-pin, cut with a fquare ftrong Worm ; the Nat, or Screw-box, which has a fquare Worm, and is brazed into the round Box ; the Spring, which throws the Chaps open ; and the Foot, on which the whole is mounted.

Hand-Vic*., is a fmall kind of Vice, ferving to hold the leffer Works in, that require often tutning about.

Of this there are two Kinds, the "Broad chapt Hand-Vice, which k that commonly us'd ; and the Spiare-nos'd Hand- Vice, feldom us'd but for filing fmall round Work.

Vice is alfo a Machine ufed by the Glaziers, to turn or draw Lead into flat Rods, with Grooves on each fide, to re- ceive the Edges of the Glafs. See Lead.

This Machine confifts of two Iron Chaps, or Cheeks, join'd with two crofs Iron Pieces. — In the Space between the Chaps, are two fteel Wheels, with their Spindles or Axes pafs'd thro' the middle; each of which has its Nut, or Pinion with Teeth, that catch into each other : To the loweft is fitted a Handle, whereby the Machine is turn'd.

There are fome of thefe Vices double, and that will draw two Leads at once : Thefe have three Wheels. Some Gla- ziers will turn Lead of different Sizes in the fame Vice ; by changing their Cheeks for each Size.

With another Pair of Spindles, whofe Nuts almoft meet, they turn Lead for Tiers ; which when it comes out of the Vice is almoft cut afunder, in two thickneffes eafy to be parted.

Before the Invention of this Vice, which is but a late Thing, they ufed a Plane : Accordingly, in all the antient Windows, we find the Lead planed, and grooved that way. See Glass.

Vice is alfo ufed in the Compofition of divers Words, to denote the Relation of fomething which comes inftead, or in the Place, of another.

In this Senfe, the Word is Latin, Vice, ftead, place, turn, &c.

~Vic&-Ad?mral, is one of the three principal Officers of the Royal Navy ; who commands the fecond Squadron, and has his Flag fet up in the Fore-top of his Ship. See Ad- miral, Navy, &c.

Vicn-Chamberlain, call'd alfo in antient Statutes, Under- Chamberlain 5 is a great Officer in the Court, next under the Lord Chamberlain, and in his abfence has command and controll of all Officers belonging to that part of the Houfhold call'd the Chamber, or above Stairs. See Cham- berlain.

ViCE-Cbancellor of an Univerfity, is an eminent Member, chofe annually, to manage Affairs in the Abfence of the Chancellor. See University.

Yicz-tDoge, is a Counfellor of Venice, who reprefents the Doge when lick, or abfent 5 that the Seignory may never be without a Chief.

This Vice-'Doge never takes the Ducal Chair, nor bears the Horn, nor is addrefs'd under the Title of SereniJJimo : yet, the foreign EmbafTadors, fpeaking to the College, ufe the common Apoftrophe of Serenijjhno 'Principe : And he performs all the Offices of Doge 5 and gives Anfwers to EmbafTadors without moving his Cap. See Doge.

Yicz-'Domimis, a Vifcount, Sheriff, or Vidame. See Vi-

COUNT, VlDAME, &C.

Vici.-'Dominus Abbatie, or Ecclefite, in the Civil and Canon Law, an Advocate, or Protector of an Abbey, or Church. See Advocate, and Avouee.

Y icz-Dominus Epifcopi, in the Canon Law, is the Offi- cial, CommifTary, or Vicar-General of a Bifhop. See Com- missary, ££?c.

Vice-gerent, a Vicar, Deputy, or Lieutenant. See Vi- car, Lieutenant, &c.

Yicz-Comes, in Law, ££?£. See Vicount.

Yicz-Legate, an Officer whom the Pope fends to Avig- non, and fome other Cities, to perform the Office of a Spi- ritual and Temporal Governour, at a time when there is no Legate or Cardinal to command there.

All the Garde Narbonnoije, as 2Jauphine, 'Provence, &c. has recourfe to the Vice-Legate of Avignon, for all Ecclefiaf- tical Difpatches ; in like manner as the other Provinces ad- drefs themfelves to Rome. See Legate.

ViCE-xcqy, a Governour of a Kingdom, who commands therein, in the Name and Stead of a King ; with full and fovereign Authority.

Naples, Sicily, Catalonia, &c. are govern'd by Vice-Roys: See King.

Vice Verfi, a Latin Phrafe, frequently retain'd in En- glijh Writings ; fignifying as much as on the contrary.

Thus, As the Sun mounts higher and higher above the Horizon, infenfible Perfpiration increafes 5 and, vice verfa, as he defcends lower, diminifhes.

VICEN-