Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/952

 VER

Reciprocal, NeUtrized, and Tajfwed.~ But feveral of thefe are peculiar to the French Language.

Verbs, in the Englifb, and moil modern Tongues, do not change their Endings, as in Latin, to denote the feveral Times, Modes, (3c. of their being, doing, or fuffering ; but in lieu thereof, make ufe of Auxiliaries ; as, have, am, be, do, will, Jball, may, can, &c.

Regular Verbs, are thofe which are conjugated after fome one Manner, Rule, or Analogy. See Conjugation.

Irregular, or Anomalous Verbs, are thofe which have fomething Angular in the Terminations, or Formations of their Tenfes.

The Irregularities in our Englifb Verbs, lie wholly in the Formation of the Preter Tenfe, and Paffive Participle.

The firft, and moft general Irregularity, took its Rife from the quicknefs of our Pronunciation, by changing the Confo- nant d into t ; the Vowel e, in the regular Ending ed, being cut off, that the Pronunciation might be more ready : Thus, for dwelled, keeped, fended, we fay, dwelt, heft, feat.

[ m ]

V£ R

A SpecialVzs.mcr, is, when they fay at large, that fuc'n and luch a Thing they found to be done by the De- u ■ "A° r Tenant i declaring the Courfe of the Faff, as in their Opinion it is proved ; and as to the Law, upon the Fact, praying the Judgment of the Court.

This Special VerdiB, if it contain any ample Declaration of the Caufe from the beginning to the end, is alfo called a VerdiB at large.

Item utimnr quod Salivi (3 CoronatoreS Burgi noflri uft fuerint (3 adhuc utuntur r ecipere Verediflum duodecim Ju- ratorum ex quaemque Catifa, infra Surgnm Noftrumpra- diBum, feu ejus Libertatem emergent!, five contingent!, Se- nefcballi pnefentia, nullo modo exfeBata. MS. Cod. ScStat. Burg. Vill. de Mountgoner. See Juror.

VERDITER, Verdeter, or Verditure, a Drug*

ufed by the Painters, (3c. for a green Colour. See Green.

Verditer is, properly, a nativt Mineral Subftance, of a.

flony Confidence, and a blue Colour ; but fpangled with lit-

... r, • • t]e fhining Points like Gems; brought from the Mountains

Peribr ^asTfeWt to Wh ' Ch haTC °"' y ' th,rd ° f 'J&W* and Morm "> > ^d ,l{o Lapis Armenms.

Them are alfcR^L,,; rr 1. r' j ,, ° f ^ well ground, and cleans'd by Lotion, mould b«-

lnere are alio lie duplicative Verbs, as refound, recall, &c. Frequentative Verbs, &c.

VERBAL, fomething that belongs to Verbs, or even to Words, fpoke with the Mouth.

Thus, Verbal Nouns are thofe form'd from Verbs. See Noun.

So, a Verbal Contraft, is that made merely by Word of Mouth ; in opposition to that made in Writing. See Con- tract, (3c.

VERBERATION, Smiting, in Phyficks, a Term ufed

to exprefs the Caufe of Sound, which arifes from a Verbera- tion of the Air, when flruck, in divers manners, by the feveral Parts of the fonorous Body firft put into a vibratory Motion. See Sound.

The Word is form'd from the Latin Verbero, I finite.

VERDEGREASE, Ver-de-Gris, a kind of Ruft of Copper, of great ufe among Painters, for a green Colour. See Colour.

Verdegreafe is prepar'd from Copper Plates, and Hulks of Grapes well faturated with Wine, put up in earthen Pots; and ranged, flratum fuper firatum, that is, firft Hulks, then Copper ; and fo alternately.

When the Pots are fill'd, they are fet in the Cellar ; whence, after fome time, they are taken out, to gather the Verdegreafe, which is a green Ruft, covering the Plates all over. See Rust, and Copper.

Some talk of Verdegreafe made with Vinegar, and other corrofive Salts ; but 'tis a Miftake : the beft Wine being no- thing too good for the purpofe.

Accordingly, the greateft Part of the Verdegreafe con- fum'd in Europe, is made in Languedoc, of the Wines of that Country ; and is exported in Cakes, about i 5 Pounds weight each.

There is but very little quite pure : To be good, it muft be very dry, of a deep green, and pretty clear of white Spots.

The Word is form'd from the Latin Viride icris : "Tis al- fo called JErugo. Others call it the Flower, and others the Vitriolic Salt of Copper ; tho, in reality, it be the proper Subftance thereof. See Vitriol.

The Apothecaries ufe to diffolve Verdegreafe in diftill'd Vinegar, and then filtrate, and evaporate it in the Cellar ; upon which it fhoots into Cryftals. Thefe Cryftals are ufed among Chirurgeons, (3c to eat off the fungous Flefh.

The Painters alfo ufe it for a green Colour ; efpecially in Works of Miniature. See Green, (3c.

VERDERER, or Verderor, a Judicial Officer of the King's Foreft, whofe Bufinefs is to look to the Vert, and fee it well mainrain'd. See Vert.

He is fworn to keep the Aflizes of the Foreft ; as alfo to view, receive, and enroll the Attachments and Prefentments of all manner of Trefpaffes, relating to Vert and Venifon therein. See Forest.

The Word is form'd from the Latin Viridarius, which Ulpian ufes in the fame Signification.

VERDETER. See Verditer.

VERDICT, is the Anfwer of the Jury, made upon any Caufe, Civil or Criminal, committed by the Court to their Examination. SceJuRV.

'Tis called VerdiB, for Verc diBum, q. d. diBum veri- tatis, the Diclate of Truth.

A VerdiB is either General, or Special.

A General Verdict, is that which is brought into the Court in like general Terms as the general Iffue : As in Ac- tion of Diffeifin, the Defendant pleadeth, No Wrong, no Diffeifin. Then the IfTue is general, whether the Fact be wrong, or not : which being committed to the Jury, they, upon Consideration of the Evidence, come in and fay, either for the Plaintiff, That it is a wrong Diffeifin ; ot for the Defendant, That it is no Wrong, no Diffeifin.

made the Painter's green called Verditer. See Colour.

But this Stone is very rare ; and the Verditer ufed, is not a native but a factitious Subftance : the proper way of preparing it, we are told, is by calling Wine or Water up- on new Copper, juft as it comes red hot out of the Fur- nace, and catching the Steams which rife from it upon Copper Plates. Others fay, 'tis prepar'd by diffolving Cop- per Plates in Wine ; much after the manner of Verdegreafe. But the Method in practife among us, is as follows :

Into an hundred Pounds weight of Whiting, the Refiners pour their Copper Water, and ftir them together, every Day for fome Hours, till the Water grows pale : Then they pour that away, and fet it by for farther ufe ; and pour on more of the green Water, and fo till the Verditer be made : which being taken out, is laid on large pieces of Chalk in the Sun, till it be dry, for the Market.

The Water mention'd to be pour'd off from the Verditer, (which remains at the bottom of a Tub) is put into a Cop- per, and boil'd till it come to the thicknefs of Water-Gruel -. now, confifting principally of Salt-petre reduced, moft of the Spirit of Vitriol being gone with the Copper into the Verdi- ter ; and a Difh full of this being put into the other Materials for Aqua fortis ; is re-diffill'd, and makes what they call a double Water, which is near twice as good as that made without it.

VERDOT, in Heraldry, is applied to a Bordure of s Coat of Arms ; charg'd with any Kinds, or Parts of Flowers, Fruits, Seeds, Plants, (3c

VERDURE, the Quality of Greennefs. See Greek.

The Word is French, form'd of Verd, green.

VERGE, a Rod, Switch, or Yard ; particularly a Stick or Wand, which Perfons are admitted Tenants by holding in their Hands, and fwearing Fealty to the Lord of the Manor. See Investiture.

On this account, they are call'd tenants by the Verge. See Tenant.

Among Florifts, a dented Verge, is a jagged edge or out- fide of a Leaf.

Verge is alfo the Compafs or Extent of the King's Court ; within which is bounded the Jurifdiflion of the Lord Steward of the King's Houfhold, and of the Coroner of the King's Houfe. See Court, Houshold, (3c.

It is thus call'd, from the Verge, or Staff which the Mar- ffial bears.

The Lord Steward, by virtue of his Office, without any Commiffion, judges of all Tranfgrefiions, as Treafons, Mur- ders, Felonies, Bloodihed, (3c. committed in the Court, or within the Verge thereof; which extends every way the Space of twelve Miles from the chief Tunnel of the Court j only London by Charter exempted. See Lord Steward.

This was antiently called Tax Regis, or the King's Teace. See Peace.

Court of Verge, is a Court or Tribunal, in manner of a King's-Bench ; which takes cognizance of all Crimes and Mifdemeanors committed within the Verge.

It is held in the Compting-Houfe, by the Lord Steward, as Judge thereof, aflifted by other Officers of the Houfhold - as, the Treafurer, Comptroller, Cofferer, Clerks of the Green-Cloth, (3c. See Green-C/oi*, &c.

Verge of Land. See Yard Land.

VERGERS, call'd by SraBon, &c Vergatores Servien- tes, are Officers who carry white Wands before the Juftices of either Bench ; by others call'd Toners of the Verge. See Porter.

Vergers of Cathedral or Collegiate Churches, are inferior Officers, who go before the Bifhop, Dean, (3c. with a Verge, or Rod tip'd with Silver.

VERGILI./E, Conftellations, whofe appearance denote the Approach of the Spring. See S'msc,

Accotding