Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/948

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ahd half: the firfl are thofe where there are eight Threads of Shag, or Velveting to each Tooth of the Reed ; the fe- cond have only fix, and the reft four.

In general, all Velvets, both work'd and figur'd, fhom and flowcr'd, are to have their Warp and Shag of Orpanfin, fpun and twifted, or thrown in the Mill ; and theiAvoof of boil'd Silk, not raw ; and are of the fame breadth.

VENA, Vein, in Anatomy. See Vein.

Vena Cava. -> CCava.

Vena 'Porta, &c. > See i Port a, (ge.

Vena Vulmomlh.l CSee Pulmonic.

VENjE-&ff/o, the opening of a Vein, call'd alfo Thle- hotamy; and popularly Weeding, See Phlebotomy B?c.

Venjf, LaBcte. -> CLacteal.

Venje Lymphatics. \ See yLxwnK-ric.

Venje <Pr<eputii,Sic.l ^Prjeputium.

VENAL, or Venous, among Anatomifls, fomething that " Relation to a Vein. See Vein.

V EN

fomething beli

iging to Venus. Sea is one addicted to Vencry, or Venereal

bea

VENEREAL, Venus.

A Venereal Perfoi Pleahires.

Venereal T)ifiafe, call'd alfo the Lues Venerea, French Mifcafc, Foul "Difeafe, French 'Pox, Great 'Pox &c is a contagious Difeafe, contrafled by fome impute Humor ge- nerally receiv'd in Coition ; and difcovering it felf in Ulcers and Pains, about the Genital and other Parts. See Pox;

It is generally faid to have made its firfl Appearance in Europe, in the Year 1493. t ho others will have it much older, and contend tor its being known to the Antients, only under other Names.

Mr. Secket, particularly, has attempted to fhew, that it is the fame with what among our Forefathers was call'd the Leprofy ; and which in many of our antient Englifll Writings, Charters, igc. is called Sremimg, or "Burning.

In order to prove his Point, he has fearch'd the Records

jytlTX™^..?!^?*;™™* P "!n">nary Veins, where relating to the Stews antiently kept on the Sankfide, South-

mark, under the Jurifdiction of the Biftiop of Wincbefter

they enter the Auricles of the Heart, are call'd Venous Si- nus*. See Cava, and Pulmonary; fee alfo Heart, and Circulation.

Venal, Venalis, is alfo ufed for fomething bought with Money, or procur d by Bribes.

Thus, we fay, Venal Bards ; Courtezans and Flatterers are Venal ; Juiiice in Turks is Venal, it mull be bought of the Bamaws.

In England, there are feveral Offices in the Revenue, Policy, ffc. Venal .- But this Venality of Offices is no where io confiderable as in France, where all Offices of Judica- ture are bought of the King, and only municipal Officers are elective. See Office.

Offices in England are venal only by a kind of Connivance ; in France it is a thing folemn, and authoriz'd.

The Venality was firfl introdue'd by Louis XII. who, to clear thofe immenfe Debts contrafled by his Predeceffor Charles VIII. without burdening his People with new Taxes bethought himfelf to fell the Offices ; and, in reality, made a vaft Sum theteby.

Francis I. made an advantage of the fame Expedient to get Money, and fold his Pofts openly : Under the fame Kino it was only accounted a kind of Loan ; but that Loan was no more than a Name to difguife a real Sale. The Parliament not being able to relifh the Venality of Offices, always made the Buyer take an Oath that he did not buy his Poll either direflly or indirectly ; but there was a tacit Exception made, of Monies lent the King for being put into them. At length, the Parliament finding its oppofitions were in vain, and that the Traffick of Offices was publickly autho- rs d, abolifh'd the Oath in 1597.

The Word is form'd from the Latin Venalis, to be fold.

VENDEE, in Law, the Perfon to whom any thing is iold ; in contradiflinction to Vendor, or the Seller.

VENDITIONI Exponas, is a Writ Judicial, direded to the Under Sheriff; commanding him to fell Goods, which he hath formerly, by Commandment, taken into his Hands; for the fatisfymg a Judgment given in the King's Court.

VENEERING, or Vaneering, a kind of Marquetry, or Inlaying ; whereby, feveral thin Slices, or Leaves of fine Woods of different kinds, are applied and faften'd on a Ground of fome common Wood.

There arc two Kinds of Inlaying ; the one, which is the more ordinary, goes no further than the making of Compart- ments of different Woods ; the other requires a deal more Art, and reprefents Flowers, Birds, and the like Figures.

The firfl Kind is what we properly call Veneering ; the latter we have already defcrib'd, under the Article Mar- quetry.

The Wood intended for Veneering, is firfl faw'd out into Slices, or Leaves about a Line thick : In order to (aw 'em, the Blocks or Planks are placed upright, in a kind of Sawing- Prefs ; the Defcription whereof may be fcen under the Ar- ticle Press

See Stews.

Among other Conflitutions of thefe Stews, dated 1162, it was appointed, T"hat no Stew-holder Jljould keep any Wo- man that hath the ferillous Infirmity of Burning. And in another Vellom Manufctipt, now in the Cuffody of the Bifhop of Winchefier, dated 1430, it is again order 'd, That no Stew-holder keep no Woman within his Houfi that hath any Sicknefs of Brennino, but thatjhe be putte out, upon the Peyne of making a Fine unto the Lord of a hundred Shillings. See Burning, and Brenning.

To confirm this Account, Mr. Secket quotes a Defcription of the Difeafe from a Manufcript of John Arden Efq; Sur- geon to K. Richard II. and K. Henry IV. Arden defines the Difeafe called Srenning, Incendium, to be, a certain inward Heat and Excoriation of the Urethra : which De- finition, Mr. Secket obferves, gives us a perfect Idea of what we now call a Clap ; agreeable to the latefl and moll exact anatomical Difcoveries, and free of all the Errors of "Plate- rus, Rondeletius, "Bartholin, Wharton, and other later Wri- ters on this Difeafe. See Clap.

As to the Leprofy being the fame with this Venereal Difeafe, it mufl be own'd, there are a good many Symptoms in the one Difeafe, which quadrate well enough with thofe in the other ; but then the Symptoms in each are fo preca- rious, that a great deal of Strefs can't be laid hereon. See Leprosy.

The common Tradition is, that the Venereal Difeafe faR broke out in the French Army, when it lay encamp'd be- fore Naples ; and that it was owing to fome unwholefom Food : On which account, the French call it the Neapolitan Difeafe ; and the Italians, the Mai Francefe.

But others go much higher, and fuppofe it' to be the Ul- cer Job complain'd of fo grievoufly : and accordingly, in a Miffal printed at Venice in 1542, there is a Mafs in honour of S. Job, to be faid by thofe tecover'd of this Difeafe ; as being fuppofed to owe their Deliverance to his Interceffion.

Bur the Opinion which prevails mofl among the more knowing of our Phyficians, is, that the Difeafe is of Indian Extraction ; and that it was broughr hither by the Spani- ards from the American Iflands, where it was very common before ever the Spaniards fet footing there : Whence the Spaniards call it Sarva des Indias, or Las Suvas : notwith- standing what Herrera fays, that the Spaniards carry'd it to Mexico, inflead of bringing it thence.

Lifter, and others, take it to have had its firfl Rife from fome of the Serpentine Kind ; either from a Bite thereof, or from fome of their Ele/h taken as Food : This is pretty certain, that Men bitten or flung by Scorpions, are greatly eas'd by Coition ; but the Woman, <Pliny affures us re- ceives a deal of damage thereby : which is no flender' Ar- gument, of the Difeafe 's arifing from fome Perfon fo poi-

they are glu'd down on a Ground or for a Remedy Block of dry Wood, with good flrong Englifb Glue.

The Pieces thus jointed and glu'd, the Work, if final], is put in a Prefs ; if large, 'tis laid on the Bench, cover'd with a Board, and prefs'd down with Poles or Pieces of Wood, one end whereof reaches to the Ceiling of the Room, and the other bears on the Board.

When the Glue is quite dry, they take it out of the Prefs, and finifh it ; firfl with little Planes, then with divers Scra- pers ; feme whereof referable Rafps, which take off the Dents, &c. left by the Planes.

When fufficiently fcrap'd, the Work is polifh'd with the Skin of a Sea-Dog, Wax, and a Brufli and Polifher of Shave grals : which is the lafl Preparation. See Ebonist.

But what proves a Remedy to the wounded Perfon, proves a Difeafe to the Woman : And from Women thus infefled, other Men, who have to do with 'em, become infected in their turns ; and thus has the Difeafe been propagated.

The firfl Symptoms generally arifing after an Affair with an inferred Perfon, are a Heat, Swelling, and Inflammation about the Penis or Vulva, with a hotnefs of Urine.

The fecond or third Day ufually brings on a Gonorrhiea, or Dripping, which denominates it a Clap ; and which in a few Days more is follow'd by a Cordee. See Gonorrhoea, and Cordee,

Tho fometimes there is no Gonorrhtea, or Clap ; but the Poifon rather makes its way thro' the Cutis to the Groin - and


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