Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/925

 TUT

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T W I

Column, and Ampler, by the fmall Number, and Largenefs of the Mouldings. See Dome.

Vitruvins makes the whole Height of the Order 14 Mo- dules, wherein he is followed by figmla, M.leClerc, S$c. — Serlio only makes it 12. — Pallaaio gives us one Tufcati Fro6Ie, much the feme as that of Vitruvins ; and another too rich : On which Side Scammzi is likewile faulty. Hence it is, that that of Vigiwla, who has made the Order ■very regular, is mod follow'd by the Modern Architects. See Column.

Of all the Orders, the Tufcan is the molt eafily executed ; as having neither Triglyphs nor Dentils, nor Modillions to confine its Intercolumns. --- On this account the Columns of this Order may be ranged in any of the five Manners of Vitruvins, viz. the Picnoftyle, Sifijle, Bifiyle, Diajlyle and Areople. See Intercolumnation.

For the 'Pans and Members of the Tufcan Order, their Proportions, tfc. lee Capital, Base, Pedestal.Freeze,

&><>• ™

TUSCULAN, in Matters of Literature, a Term fre- quently uftd in the Phraie Tufculan i

pons. — Cicero's TtlCcul&n gktepons, are Deputations on~feveral Topicks in Moral Philolophy, which that great Author took Occafion to denominate from the Tufculanum, a Country Seat or Villa, where they were compos'd, and where he lays the Scene of the Dilpute.

They contain Five Books; the Firft on the Contempt of Death ; the fecond of enduring Pain; the third on affwaping Grief; the fourth on the other Perturbations of the Mind"; and the lad, to (hew that Virtue is fufficient to a happy Life.

TUSKES or Tusks of aHorfe. See Teeth.

TUSS1S, in Medicine, a Cough ; a Difeafe affefling the Lungs, occafioned by a Iharp ierous Humor, vellicating the Fibrous Coat rhereof,and urging ittoaDilcharge by Spitting, fifc. See Lungs.

When the Humor is fo fubtile, that the Lungs cannot lay hold of it, to throw it off; or when the Humor is fo thick that it will not give Way, it is faid to be a dry Cough.

Dry Coughs are the molt dangerous. — Hippocrates fays, the Cough ceafes, if the Tefticles 1'vvell. See Cough.

TUT, in Armory, He. an Imperial Enfign of a golden Globe, with a Crofs on it.

TUTELARY, Tutelaris, one who has taken fome- thing into his Patronage and Protection. See Protection.

'Tis an ancient Opinion, that there are tutelary Angels of Kingdoms and Cities, and even of particular Pcrfons, call'd Guardian Angels. See Angel, Daemon, Genius, S?c.

The ancient Remans, 'tis certain, had their tutelary Cods, whom they called Penates. See Penates.

And the Rontifi Church to this Day, hold an Opinion not much unlike it. — They believe that every Perlbn, at leafl every one of the Faithful, has, from the Time of his Birth, one of thofe Tutelary Angels attached to his Perlbn, to de- fend him from all Temptations ; and 'tisonthis, principally, that their Practice of invoking Angels is founded.

F. Anthonv Macedo, a Portuguese Jefuir, of Conimbra has publilh'd a 'large Work in Folio, on the tutelary Saints of all the Kingdoms, Provinces and great Cities of the Cliriftian World : Divi Tutelares Orbis Ctripani, at Lisbon 1687. See Patron, Saint, Sfo

TUTOR, in the Civil Law, is one chofe to look to the Perfon and Eilate of Children, left by their Fathers and Mothers in their Minority. See Guardian, Minor and Puberty. , ., ,

By the CuPom of Normandy, the Father is the natural Tlltcr of his Children. — A Perlbn nominated Tutor, either by TePament, or by ihe Relations of the Minor, may de- cline that Office, if hehave Fire Children alive; if he have any other conlidtrable Tutorage ; if he be under 2; Years of Age; if he be a Prielt, or a Regent in an Univerfity ; if he have any Law Suit with the Minors, fgc. Sec Tutorage.

The Marriage of a Pupil, without the Confent of his Tutor is invalid. — Tutors may do anything for their Pupils, but nothing againft them; and the fame Laws which put them under a Neceffity of preferring the Jntereft of the Minors, put them under an Incapacity of hurting them. See Pupil.

Tutor is alio ufed in our Univerfities, for a Member of fome College or Hall, who takes on him the Inftrucf ing young Students in the Arts and Faculties.

TUTORAGE, Tutela, in the Civil Law, a Term equivalent to Guardianfhip in the Common Law ; fignifying an Office impofed on anv one, to take care of the Perfon and Effects of one or more Minors. See Minor.

By the /Roman Law, there are three Kinds of Tutorage, — The c j\jlamentary, which is appointed by the Father's TePament : The Legal, which is appointed by the Law to the nea- eft Relation; and the T)ative, which is appointed by the Magiftrate. __

But in ail Cuftomary Provinces, as Trance, &c. all Tutor- ages are Dative and Eleflive ; and though the Father have de

by Teftament, nominated the next Relation to his Pupil, yet is not that Nomination of any Force, unlefs the Choice' be confirmed by that of the Magiftrate, i£c.

By the Roman Law, Tutorage expires at 14 Years of Age ; but in France not till 2J Years. A Minor quits his tutorage, and becomes free by Marriage ; in which Cafe a Curator is given him. See Curator and Guardian.

TUTTY, Tutia or Lapis Tuti/e, a metallic Soot, thrown off from Brafs, in the Futnace ; and form'd into Concave Flakes of different Sizes and Thicknels 5 very hard, greyifli, and full of little protuberant Grains as big as Pins Heads.

It is found adhering to Rolls of Earth fufpended for that Purpofe over the Furnaces of the Founders in Brafs, to re- ceive the Fumes of the melted Metal. See Brass and Foundery.

Tutty is now brought chiefly from Germany. Anciently it came from Alexandria.

To prepare the Tutty for Ufe, they heat it red Hot three times in a Crucible, among burning Coals ; and quench it as often in Rofe-water : Then they grind it on a Porphyry Stone, mixing with it as much Rofe-water, or Plantain- water as is neceffary, till it be brought to a very fine Powder: Then they make it up into little Troches, and thus dry it.

Tutty is very deficcative. Its principal Ufe is in Dif cafes of the Eyes, patticularly Inflammations ; in order to which, it is diluted with Rofe-water or Plantain-water, ire form of a Collyrium. See Collyrium.

Some ufe it incorporated with frefh Butter, in form of an Unguent.

In the ZoKiwzDifpenfatory, it gives Title to a Compofition called Ointment of Tutty, good for Eye Difeafes, and fre- quently ufed by Surgeons with other Deficcatives to cicatrize Ulcers. — Tis alfb good in the Hemorrhoids.

TW A-Nights-Gefle, in our ancient Cuftoms. See Third- nights-a-trn-Hynde-

If the T.ea-Nights-gefle did any harm to any, his Hoft was not anfwf table for it, but himfelf.

T WELF-Hindus, in our ancient Cuftoms, the lame with Thanus. See Thane,

Among the Englip Saxons, every Man was valued at a certain Price ; and whete an Injury was done, either to the Perfon or Goods, a pecuniary Mulct was impofed, and paid in Satisfaet ion of that Injury, according to the Worth and Quality of the Perfon to whom it was done. — And hence all Men were ranked in three Gaffes; which fee in Hihdina.

Thofe who were worth 1200 s. were called 7W/-/feW/j and if an Injury was done to them, Satisfaction was to be made accordingly.

TWELFTH-Day or Tide, theFeftival of the Epiphany, or the Manifeftation of Chrift to the Gentiles ; fo called^ as being the Twelfth- lay, exclufively, from the Nativity or Chriftmafs-day. See Epiphany.

TWELVE-Month, the Space of a Year, according to the Calender Months. See Year and Month.

TWELVE-Men, Ttuodecim homines Legales, otherwife called the Jury or lnquefi, is a Number of Twelve Perfons, or upwards to Twenty-four ; by whofe Oath, as to Matters of Fact, all Trials pafs, both in Civil and Criminal Cafes, through all Courts of the common Law in this Realm. See Jury and Trial.

In Civil Cafes, when Proof is made of the Matter in Queftion, the Point of Facf, whereon they are to give their Verdict, is deliver'd to them ; which is called the I£he. Then they are put in mind of their Oath, and are by the Judge's fumming the Evidence, fent out of Court by them- lelves, toconfider on the Evidence on both Sides, till they be agreed.

In Caufcs Criminal, there are two Sorts of Inquefts : One called the Grand Inquep, the other the Inqueft of Lile aw) T>eath. J J J

The firft is fo called, becaufe itconfifts of Sixteen Perfons at leaft ; or becaufe all Caufes Criminal or Penal pafs through their Hands; whereas the other Inqueft is efpecially ap- pointed fot one or more Matters.

Thofe of the Grand Inqueft are call'd by Sratlon, duodecim Milites, becaufe they wetc wont to be Knights ; if (b many could be had.

Their Function is to receive all Prefentments of any Offence, and accordingly to give their general Opinion of them, by writing either the Words Silla vera upon the Bill of Preferment, which is an Indicfment of the Party prefented - or ell'e Ignoramus; which is a doubting of the Fact pre- iented. See Enquest and Indictment.

TWI-Fallowing Ground, in Husbandry, is the Til- ling or Ploughing it a fecond Time. See Tilling and Fallowing.

TWI-Hindi, among our Saxon Anceftors, were Men valued at 200 s. See Twelfhindus.

Thefe Men were of the lowefl Degree ; and if f uc h

ere killed, the Mulct was 30 s. — Thus in Leg. H. I. c. 9.

■ Twihindi hominis intcrfebli, •wen debet reddi fecundum

legem.