Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/919

 TUB

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T U M

pofed of Opium, Cinnamon, Cloves, and ieveral other In- gredients ; It is ufed to fortify the Stomach, to flop Fluxes, and for fome Difeafes of the Womb.

There is alfo the Saracenic Tryf>here, and the Terfian Tryf>here, thus call'd, becaufe firft introduced the one by the Saracens, and the other by the c Perfians 3 they both purge gently.

The Word is form'd from the Greek, 7p$se?ti delicate, foft, by reaibn it makes thofe who ufe it, reft,

TUB is ufed as a kind of Meafure, to denote the Quan- tity of divers Things. — A Tub of Tea, is a Quantity of about 60 Pounds. — ATub of Camfhire, is a Quantity from 56 to 80 Pounds.

TUBE, Tubus, a <Pipe, Conduit or Canal 5 being a Cylinder, hollow within fide, either of Lead, Iron, Wood, Glafs or other Matter, for the Air or fome other Fluid to have a free PafTage or Conveyance through.

The Term is chiefly ufed for thofe ufed in Phyficks, Agro- nomy, Anatomy, £gc. On other ordinary Occafions, we ufually lay Pipe. See Pipe.

In the Memoirs of the French Academy of Sciences, M. Varignon gives us a Treatife on the Proportions neceffary for the Diameters of Tubes, to give precifely any determinate Quantities of Water. — The Refutt of his Piece turns upon thefe two Analogies ; That the Diminutions of the "Velocity of Water, occafion'd by its Fri&ion againft the Sides of the Tubes, are as the Diameters; the Tubes being fuppofed equally long; and the Quantities of Water iffuing out at the Tubes, are as rhe fquare Roots of their Diameters, de- ducting out of them the Quantity each is diminifh'd. See Fluid, Fountain, Friction, &c.

For the Tubes of Barometers and Thermometers ; fee Barometer and Thermometer.

For the Afcent of Liquors in Capillary Tubes; fee Ascent am 1 - Capillary.

Torricellian Ture. See Torricellian Tube.

Tube, in Aftronomy, is fometimes ufed for Telefcofe ; but more properly for that Part thereof into which the Lena's are fitted, and by which they are directed and ufed. SeeTELEscopE.

THeGondnefs of the Tube, being of great Importance to that of the Telefcope ; we mall here add its Structure.

ConftruBion of a 1)raw-Tvwi for a Telefcope.

The great Points to be regarded here, are, that the Tube ben't troubLiome by its Weight, nor lyable to warp and diiturb the Politiun of the GlafTes : So that any kind of Tube will not ferve in every Cafe : But

j« If the Tube be fmall, 'tis bell made of thin brafs Plates cover'd with Tin, and form'd into Pipes or Draws, to Hide within one another.

2° For long Tubes, Iron would be too heavy ; for which reaibn fome chufe to make them of Paper, thus : — A wooden Cylinder is turn'd, of the Length of the Paper to beuled; and of a Diameter equal to that of the imallefl Draw. About this Cylinder is roll'd Paper, till it be of a fufficient Thicknels : When one Pipe is dry, provide others after the fame manner; ftill making the la ft ferve as a Mould for rhe next, till you have enough for 'he length of the Tube defired. Laftly, to the Extremes of the Draws are to be glew'd wooden Ferrils, that they may be drawn forth the better.

g° Since Paper Draws are apt to fwell with moift Weather, fo as to fpoil their Aiding; and in dry Weather to fhrmk, which renders them loole and tottering ; in both which Cafes, the Situation of the Lens's is eaiily dilturb'd; the beft Method of making Tubes, is as follows: Glue Parch- ment round a wooden Cylinder ; am! let the Parchment be polour'd Black, to prevent the reflected Ray.s making any Confufion. Provide very thin Slits of Beech, and bending them into a Cylinder, glue them carefully to the Parchment: Cover this wooden Cafe with white Parchment ; and about its outer Extreme make a little Ring or Ferril : after the fame manner make another Draw over the former ; and then another, till you have enough for rhe Length of the Tube.

To the inner Extremes of each Draw, fir a wooden Ferril, that the fpurious Rays ftriking againlt the Sides, maybe in- tercepted and loft. In thofe Places where rhe Lens's are to be put, it will be proper to furnifti the Ferrils with Female Screws. Provide a wooden Cover to defend the Object i Glafs from the Duft, and purring rhe Eye Glals in its wooden Ferril, fatten it by the Screw to the Tube. Laftly, provide a little wooden Tube of a Length equal to the Pittance the Eye Glafs is to be from the Eye, and fit it to the other Extreara of the Tube.

Tubv Fallopian To 3 a Eujlachiana

in Anatomy. See

. Fallopian-

I Tube.

. EuSTiCHIANA.

TUBER, or Tubercle, in Botany, a kind of round turgent Root, in form of a Knob or Turnip. See Root.

The Plants which produce fiich Roots, are hence deno- minated Turberofe oxTurberous 'Plants.

Tuber or Tuberosity, in Medicine, is ufed for a Knob or Tumour growing naturally on any Fart ; in Oppofi- tion to Tumors which arife accidentally, or from a Difeafe. Sec Tumor.

The fame Term is alfb ufed for a Knot in a Tree. TUBERCULES, Tubercles, are little Tumors which fuppurate and difcharge Pus; often found in the Lungs. Sec Lungs-

TU BERI LaBiferi, in Anatomy, is a Name ufed by fome Writers, for thoie fmall Tubes through which the Milk fiows to the Nipples of the Mamma: or Breafts. See Milk and Mammje.

TUBEROSE, an Epithet given to fuch Roots as are round and flefliy, and grow in the Flefh. folid and continuous 5 having neither Skin nor Shell. — Such are the Roots of Saffron, Peony, &c,

TUBILUSTRIUM, in Antiquity, a Feaft or Ceremony in ufe among the Romans. See Feast.

This Name was given to the Day whereon they purified" their lacred Trumpets ; as alfb to the Ceremony of purify- ing them; It was held on the fifth and laft Day of the Feafl of Minerva, call'd §>uinquatrm or guinquatria, which was perform'd twice a Year.

The Word is compounded of Tubus, and Lujfro, I purify.

TUBULI Vermiculares, a Name Ibmetimes uied by Na- turalills, for certain fmall winding Cavities on the out-fides of Shells. See Shell.

TUFT, a Term ufed by fome Authors for the bufhy Part of Trees ; or that Part let with Branches, Leaves, &c. See Branch.

Tarallelifm of the Tufts of Trees. — - All Trees are ob- ferv'd naturally to aftedt. to have their Tufts parallel to the Spot of Ground they fhadow; an Account of which Phe- nomenon, fee tinder the Article Parallelism.

TUILERIE, or Tyler y, aTyle-work 5 being properly a large Building with a Drying-place, cover'd a-top, but furni fil- ed with Apertures on all Sides, through which the Wind having Admittance, dries the Tyles, Bricks, &c. in the Shade, which the Sun would crack, before they be in the Furnace. See Brick and Tyle.

The Word is pure French, form'd from Tuile.

The Garden or the Louvre is call'd the Tuileries, as being a Place where Tyles were anciently made, \$c, — But the Term Tuileries does not only include the Garden ; but alfo a magnificent Palace, whole Face takes up the whoje Length of the Garden : And hence it is, that rhey fay, The King lodges in rhe Tuileries ; The King has quitted the Tuileries for a few Days, to reiide in the Louvre.

The Palace of the Tuileries is joined to th e L-ov"rre by a large Gallery, which runs all along the fame, and has its Profpects thereon. See Louvre.

The Tuileries was begun in 1564, by Catherine de Aledicis, Wife of Henry II. in the Time of her Regency ; finillied by Henry IV. and magnificently adorned by Louis XIV. — The Garden of the Tuileries was much improved by Louis XIU.

TUMBLER, a fort of Dog, called in Latin, Vertagus, from his quality of tumbling and winding his Body about, e'er he attacks and fattens on the Prey.

Thefe Dogs are often leis than Hounds ; being lanker, leaner, arid fbtnewbat pricked-eared ; and by the Form of" their Bodies, might be called Mungrel Grey-hounds, if they were a little biqger.

TUMKREL, TuiinREtLrjM, Tureichetum, an En- gine of Pumfhment, which ought to be in every Liberty, that has View of Frank-pledge, for the Correction and Cool- in<* of Scoldsand unquiet Women. See CucKiNG-y?co/.

TUMEFACTION, the Aft of fwelling, or rifmg into a Tumor. See Tumor.

Inflammations and TumefaBionS of the Teftes, frequently happen in the Gonorrhea ; either from the Wdknefs of the Velfe!*:, violent Motion, unfeafonable Ufe of Aftringents, a Negleci <'f Purging, or the like. See Gonorrhoea.

TUMOR, or Tumour, in Medicine, &c. a preternatural Rifing or Eminence on any Part of the Body.

Turgor is defined by the Phyficians, a Solution of Con- tinuity, arifing from fome Humor collected in a certain Part of the Body, which disjoyns the continuous Parts, infinuates itfelf between them, and deflroys their proper Form.

This has given occafion to the Arabs to define a Turner to bean Indifpofition, compofed of three Kinds ol DHeafes, viz. an Inremperature, an ill Conformation, and a Solution of Continuity, all which they comprize under the Name Jfofhem, from the Greek, ht'cmuo.. See Aposthem.

Tumors may proceed from various Caufes. — The Mafs of Blood throwing off or difcharging itfelf of any particular Humor, as fometimes happens in the Crifis of a Fever, Pleurify, Empyema, Bubo, Sfc will give rife hereto.

And