Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/918

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TRY

The Mouth being apply'd hereto, it carries the Voice to a very great Diflance, fo as it may be heard, diftin&ly a Mile 5 whence its Ufe at Sea.

The Invention of this Trumpet is held to be modern : and is commonly afcrib'd to Sir Samuel Morland, who call'd it the Tuba Stent orophonica. — - But At Jo. KircJoer teems to have a better Title to the Invention j for 'tis certain he had fuch an Inftrurnent before ever Sir S. Morland thought of his.

Kircher, in his ^Phonurg, fays, that the' Tromba pub- lifh'd laft Year in England, he invented 24 Years before, and p.ublifh'd in his Mijurgia : He adds, that Jac. Albanus Ghibbiftm and Fr. JBJbhmardtiS, afcribe it to him ; and that G. SchottUS teftifies of him, that he had fuch an Inftrurnent in iris Chamber in the Roman College, with which he could call to, and receive Anfwcrs from the Porter.

Indeed, considering how fam'd Alexander the Great's Tube was, wherewith he uftd to fpeak to his Army, and which might be heard diftin&ly 100 Stadia or Furlongs, 'tis fome- what ftrange the Moderns fhould pretend to the Invention ; the Stentorophonic Horn of Alexander, whereof there is a Figure pxelcr/d in the Vatican, being almo't the fame with that now in Ufe. See Stentorophonic.

Liftning, or ■ He-wing Trumpet, is an Inftrurnent invented by 'fofepb Landini,to affift the Ear in hearing of Perfbns who {peak at a great Diflance, without the Affiftance of any {peaking 'Trumpet. See Hearing and Ear.

TRUMPETER, in Anatomy. See Buccinator.

TRUNCATED 'Pyramid, or Cone, is one whofe Top or Vertex is cut off by a Plane parallel to its Bate, See Pyra- mid and Cone.

A Truncated Cone, or the Fruftum of that Body, is fometimes alfo call'd a Curty-Cone. See Frustum. See alfo Gauging.

The Word is form'd of the Latin* Truncare, to cut off a Parr from the Whole ; whence alio Truncus, Trunchion t Sic. In Heraldry they fay Trunked.

TRUNCHEON, of the French Trcncon, and the Latin Irttucus-j a Battoon ; or a kind of Short Staff us'd by Kings, Generals, and great Officers, as a Mark of their Command. See Battoon.

TRUNDLE, is a kind of Carriage with low Wheels, whereon to draw heavy cumberfome Burdens.

Trundle Shot, is an Iron Shot about 17 Inches long, {harp-pointed at both Ends, with a round Bowl of Lead caft upon it, about a Hand Breadth from each End. See Shot.

TRUNK, Truncus. the Stem, or Body of a Tree; or that Part between the Ground and the Place where it divides into Branches. See Stem, Branch, and Tree.

In lopping of Trees, nothing is left but the "Trunk. See Pruning.

Trunk is alfo ufed for the Stump, or that Part left over the Root in felling. — Large Trees when fell'd, Shoot out from the Trunk, and make a Copfe or Underwood.

'Tis by means of the Trunks left rotting in the Ground, that the Waftes in Forefts are difcover'd.

Trunk, in Anatomy, is ufed for the Bufto of the human Body, exclufive of the Head and Limbs. See Busto.

Trunk, TruncUS, is alfo uftd for the Body of an Artery or Vein 5 in contra- diStincti on to the Branches and Ramifica- tions thereof. See Vein and Artery.

The Word is patticularly apply'd to certain Parts of the Aorta and Cava. See Aorta and Cava.

Trunk, in ArcJoiteBure, is ufed for the Fuji, or Shaft of a Column, with that Part of the Pedeftal between the Bate and the Cornice, call'd the 2)ye. See Shaft and Co- lumn.

Trunk, is alfo popularly uted for the Snout of an Ele-

fhant ; by Naturalifts call'd the Probofcis thereof. See 'R0B0SCIS.

Trunk Roots of a Plant, are little Roots which grow out of the Trunks of Plants. See Root.

Thefe are of two Kinds, i°. Such as vegetate by a direft Defcent the Place of their Eruption being fometimes all along the Trunk, as in Mints, &c. and fometimes only in the utmoft Point, as in Brambles.

i°. Such as neither afcend nor defcend, but fhoot forth at riffht Angles with the Trunk $ which therefore, tho* as to their Office they are true Roots, yer, as to their Nature, are a Medium between a Trunk and a Root.

TRUNKED, among Heralds, is apply'd to Trees cut off at each End, which are faid to be trunked, or truncated.

TRUNNIONS of a Piece of Ordnance, are thofe Knobs or Bunches of the Gun's Metal, which bear her up upon the Cheeks of the Carriages. See Gun, Cannon, Ordnance,

Carriage, %$c-, _. . - ,

Trunnion Ring, is the Ring about a Cannon, next be-

fbts the Trunnions. See Ordnance.

TRUSS of Bowers - 7 is a Term us d by FloriSts to figmfy

many Flowers growing together on the Head of a Stalk $ as

in the Cowflip, L Auricula, &c.

AZrttfs of Nay confifts of fifty-fix Pounds, cr half an' hundred Weight 5 thirty-fix Trufies make a Load: But in June and Atigujt theTnfs muft weigh fixty Pounds, on For- feiture of 18 j. per Trufs.

A Trufs of Forage, is as much as a Troouer can carry on his Horfe's Crupper.

Truss is alfo us'd for a Sort of Bandage made of Steel or the like Matter, wherewith to keep up the Parts in thofe who have Hernias or Ruptures. See Hernia, Bandace, 0c.

TRUSSES, in a Ship, are Ropes made fail to the Barrels of a Yard, to bind the Yard to the Malt, when the Ship rolls. See Yards.

TRUSSING, in Falconry, is an Hawk's railing any Fowl or Prey aloft, foaring up, and then defcending with it to the Ground. See Hawk and Falconry.

TRUSTEE, one who has an Eftate, or Money put or intruded in his Hands for the Ufe of another.

TRUTH, yeritas,aTcvm us'd in Opposition to FalJhcod\ and apply'd to Propofitions which anfwer or accord to the Nature and Reality of the Thing whereof fortieth ing is af- firm'd, or deny'd. See Proposition, Jjfc. ■ Thus, when we fay that 4 is the fourth Part of twice 8 5 that Proportion is true, becaufc agreeable to the Nature of thofe Numbers. See Falsiiood.

Truth, according to Mr. Loc\, confifts in the joining or feparating of Signs as the Things fignify'd by them d.) agree or difasree one with another. — Now the joining or feparat- ing of Signs, is what we call making of Propofitions. — Truth then, properly, belongs only to Propofitions, whereof there are two Sorts, mental and verbal ; as there are two Sorts of Signs commonly made ufe of, yi&. Ideas and Words. See Idea and Word.

Mental 'Propofitions, are thofe wherein the Ideas in our Underftanding are put together, or feparatcd by the Mind perceiving or judging of their Agreement or Difagree- ment.

Verbal 'Propofitions, are Words put together, or Separated, in affirmative or negative Sentences : — So that Proposition confifts in joining or feparating Signs ; and Truth confifts in putting together or Separating thofe Signs, according as the Things they {land for agree or difagree.

Truth, therefore, as well as Knowledge, may come under the Diftinclion of verbal and real j that being only -verbal Truth, where Terms are join'd according to the Agreement or Disagreement of the Ideas they Stand for, without regard- ing whether our Ideas are fuch as really have, or are capable of having any Exiftence in Nature. — But it is then they contain real Truth, when thefe Signs are join'd as our Idea's agree ; and when our Ideas are fuch, as we know are capable of having an Exiftence in Nature; which in Subftances we cannot know, but by knowing that fuch have exifted. See

SURSTANCE.

Truth is the marking down in Words the Agreement or Difagreement of Ideas, as it is. — Falfhocd is the marking down in Words the Agreement or Difagreement of Ideas othcrwife than it is ; and fo far as thefe 'ideas, thus mark'd by Sounds, agree to their Archetypes, fo far only is the Truth real.

The Knowledge of this Truth confifts in knowing what Ideas the Words Stand for, and the Perception of the Agree- ment or Difagreement of thofe Ideas, 'according as 'it is mark'd by thofe Words. See Probability Evidence

Eefides Truth taken in the {trict Senfe before mention'd which is alfo call'd Logical Truth, there are other Sorts of Truths ; as,

i°. Moral Truth, which confifts in fpeaking Things ac- cording to the Perfuafion of our own Minds 5 call'd alfo Ve- racity.

2*. Metaphyfical, or Tranfcendental Truth, which is no- thing but the real Exiftence of Things conformable to the Ideas which we have annex'd to their Names. See Knowledge. See alfo Error, £f?c.

In this Senfe a Clock may be laid to be true, when it an- fwers the Idea or Intention of the Perfon who made it.

Others, will have Metaphyfical Truth to confift in the Agreement of a Thing with the Idea thereof in the divine Understanding.

TRUTINA Hermetis, is ufed among AftroJogers, for an artificial Method of examining and rectifying a l^ativity. See Horoscope.

TRUTINATION, the Act of weighing or balancing a Thing. See Weight and Ball an ce.

The Word is form'd from the Latin Trutina, a Pair of Scales.

TRYAL. Sec Trial.

To TRY, in the Sea Language. — A Ship is faid to tr\\ when file has no more Sails aboard but her Main-fail, or the Miflen-fail only.

TRYPHERA, Tryphere^ in Pharmacy, a Term us'd for feveral Kinds of Opiates. — The Great Tryphcre is com-

pofed