Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/916

 TRO

They have their Name from the Greek, isii, Turn, Con- verjion, as being the Limits of the Sun's Way, or Declina- tion towards North and South ; Co that when the Sun is arriv'd at either of them, he turns the other Way.

Hence, i°. Since the Declination of the Ecliptic is the Arch E A or LD ; E N will be the Diftance of the Tropicks which is double the greateft Declination.

2°. Wherefore if the Sun's Meridian Altitude be obferv'd, both in the Winter and Summer Solftice, and the latter be iiibtracled from the former, the Remainder will be the Di- ftance of the Tropicks ; half whereof is the greateft. Decli- nation of the Ecliptic, See Ecliptic.

•Tropicus, in Geography, are two lefler Circles of the Globe, drawn parallel to' the Equator, thro' the Beginnings of Cancer and Capricorn. See Cancer and Capricorn.

Thefe Tropicks are in the Planes of the Cceleftial Tropicks, and at the Diftance of 23° 29' from the Equator, which is the Sun's greateft Declination. See Circle and Globe.

TROPISTS, or Tropici, the Name of a Sea.— St. MthttnsHus, in his Letter to Serapion, gives this Appellation to the Macedonians, who were alio call'd pneumatomachi in the Eaft, and Patripafians in the Weft. See Fneumato- machi, SSic.

The Reafon of the Name Tropifl was, that they explain d the Scripture altogether by Tropes and Figures of Speech. See Trope.

The Romanifts alfo give the Appellation Tropifts to thofe of the Reform'd Religion ; in regard of their conftructing the Words of the Eucharifl figuratively. See Transub- stantiation.

TROITTES, Tropitje, a Sea, who, according to Phi- lafir'ms, maintam'd that the Word was timid or chang'd into Flefh, or into Man.

This Opinion they founded on that Paffage of St. John, mifunderftood 5 The Word was made Flejb ; as if it import- ed, that the Word was converted into Flefh, and not that he was cloath'd with our Flefh, and our Nature.

TROT, in the Manage, one of the natural Paces of a Horle, perform'd with two Legs in the Air, and two on the Ground at the fame time, crofs-wife, like St. Andrew's Crofs ; and continuing fo alternately to raife the hind Leg of one Side, and the fore Leg of the other Side at once, leaving the other hind and fore Leg upon the Ground till the former come down. .

In this Motion, the nearer the Horfe takes his Limbs from the Ground, the opener, the evener, and the fhorter his Pace will be. -- If he takes up his Feet flovenly, it is a Sign of Stumbling and Lamenefs ; if he tread narrow, or crofs ir betokens interfering or failing ; if he tread long^ it fhews over-reaching ; if he ftep uneven, it befpeaks Toll and Wearinefs.

TROUBADOURS, or Trouveours, or Irouvers, a Name anciently, and to this Day, given the ancient Poets of •Provence. See Poetry, £ ■

Some will have the Name borrow d from troaver, to find, by reafon of their Inventions ; tho' others take them to have been aW&Trcmbadours, by leafon they lung their foems on an Inftrument call'd a Trompe or Trump.

The Poefy of the Troubadours confided in Sonnets, mo- rals Songs, Syrventes or Satyrs, which were much to their Tafte ; and in Tenfons, which were Love l.ifputes.

7ean de Notre Dame, commonly call'd Nofiradanms, a Procureur in the Parliament of 'Provence, wrote an amp.e Difcourfe of thefe Poets. — He makes their Number fevenry-

iX <Pafqitier tells us, he had an ExtraS of an ancient Book belonging to Cardinal Sembo, entitled, Los Noms daquels md pent Tenfons £i? Svrvenies, which made their Number ninety-fix, among which was an Emperor, viz. Frederick 1. and two Kings, viz,. Richard I. of England, and a King ot Jrrttgta, with a Dauphin, feveral Counts, i£c. Not that all thele had compos'd entire Works in Provincial ; lome of them had not brought forth any thing beyond Epigrams.

'Petrarch (peaks with Applaufe of feveral Troubadours in the IV th Chapter of the Triumph of Love, — The Italian Poets are faid to have borrow'd their beft Pieces from the Troubadours. Pafiuier declares expreily, that Hants and Petrarch are, indeed, the Fountains of the Italian Poetry ; but Fountains which have their Sources in the Provincial

"s'oliche in his Hiftory of Provence, relates, that about the Middle of the XHth Centuty, the Troubadours began to he eaeem'd throughout Europe, and that their Credit and Poefy was at the^higheft about the Middle of the XlVrh. He adds, that it was in Provence that Petrarch learnt the Art of Rhiming, which he afterwards praa.s d, and taught

'" TROVER in Law, an Aaion which a Man hath againft one that having found any of his Goods, refcfeth to deliver them upon Demand..

Aaions of Detinue are frequently turn d into Aflions upon the Cafe, fur Trover and Converfioti. See Detikve.

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T R U

TROUGH of the Sea, is the Hollow or Cavity made between the Waves or Billows in a rowling Sea. — Hence, when a Ship lies down there, they fay fhc lies in the Trough oj the Sea.

TROUSSEQUIN, in the Manage, a Piece of Wood cut arch-wife, rais'd above the hinder Bow of a great Sad- dle, and fervmg to keep the Boltters firm,

TROUT colour* d. — A Horfe is faid to be of this Colour when he is white, and fpeckled with Spots of black, bay, or forrel, efpecially about the Head and Neck.

Tp.ovT-F/flwg. See Trcut-V is hikg,

TROY-zveight, anciently call'd Trone-weight. SeeT R o- nage and Weight.

_ TRUCE, a Sufpenfion of Arms; or a CefTation of Hofli- lities between two Parties at War,

Truces are frequently concluded between Princes, in order to come to a Peace. — Truces of many Years ferve in lieu ot Treaties of Peace between Princes, whole Differences cannot be finally adjufted. See Treaty.

The Word, according to Menage, %$c. comes from the Zat/n, Treuga, which fignifies the fame Thing. Cafeneuve derives it from the German, trava, or tre-iv. which fignifies Faith.

Truce of God, or Treuga T)ei. See Treuca Z?«.

TRUCHMAN, T)ragcman, or Tirogman, in the Countries of the Zevant, an Interpreter. See Dragoman.

TRUCK, in a Ship, a fquare Piece of Wood at the Top of a Mart, to put the Flag Staff in.

TRUCKING, in Commerce. See Permutation, Ex- change, Commerce, &c.

TRUCKS, among Gunners, round Pieces of Wood like "Wheels, nVd on the Axel-trees of Carriages; to move the Ordnance at Sea.

TRUE, fomething agreeable to the Reality of Things, or to Truth, See Truth.

In this Senfe we fay, the true God, the true Religion, true Gold, &c. in Oppofition to falfe or pretended ones. See Falshood. ~ ,

True T'lace of a Planet, or Star, in Aftronnmy, is a Point of the Heavens fhewn or pointed out by a right Line* drawn from the Centre of the Earth through the Centre of the Planet or Star. See Place. See alio Planet, i$c.

In this Senfe the Word itands oppos'd to apparent i Place i which is that found by a right Line drawn from the Obler-* ver's Eye through the Centre of the Planet or Srar. Ses Apparent. ■ ■

This Point in the Heavens is referr'd to the Ecliptick or Zodiack, by the Planet or Stars Circle of Longitude. Sec Circle of Longitude.

TRUFFLES, Titbera Terra, in Natural Hi.flory, a kind of vegetable Productions, not unlike Mufllrooms, See Mushroom.

The ancient Phyficians and Naturalifts,' rank Truffles in, the Number of Roots, Bulbs, or Cloves ; and define rhem to be a Species of Vegetables, without Stalks, Leaves,' Fibres, \£c.

They are produe'd moll: in dry chap'd Grounds, and thar^ as ^Pliny fays, chiefly after Rains and Thunder, in Autumn. — Their Duration he limits to a Year. — Their Colour is uncertain ; fbme being vvhito, others black, £efc.

In Italy, France, &c. they eat them as a great Dainty, either fry'd in Slices with Oil, Salt and Pepper, or boil'd over and again in their own Broth. — The Hogs are exceed- ingly fond of them, and are frequently the Means of dis- covering the Places where they are 5 whence the cjnmion People call them S-ivine-bread. ■

The modern Botanitls rank Truffles in the Number of Plants ; tho' they want nioft of the ufual Parts thereof, — All we know of their Growth, is, that they are at firit no bigger than a Pea, redifh without, and within .whitifh 3 and that as they ripen, the white Part grows more dusky and black, only there are fftll left a Number of white Streaks, which all terminate at Places where the outer Coat is crack'd, or open; and which, in all Probability, are the VefTels that convey the Notirifliment into the Truffles.

In thele Veffels is found a whittfli Matter, which, when view'd with a Microfcope, appears to he a tranfparent Pa- renchyma, confifting of Veficulis ; in the Middle whereof, are perceiv'd little round black Grains, feparate from each other, luppos'd.to be the Seed of the Truffles. See Seed.

When the Truffle rots in the Ground thro' Excefs of Ripe- nefs, thefe Grains are the only Thing that remain of then* j; and thefe are fuppos'd to produce new Truffles, which grow one after another.

What confirms the Opinion of their coming from Seed, is, that rhere have been Truffles lately difcover'd in England, and this only in Northampton ft ire, and even only in one Place thereof, viz. near Rvpto?i, a Place itock'd with Plants formerly brought from Zanguedcc ; and 'tis only fince theiv that any Tnffl.cs have been there obferv'd 5 whence 'tis enn- [ T 1 1 j eluded,