Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/915

 T R O

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T R O

If, I fay, in this Radius a Point be taken anywhere except in the Centre, this Point will delcribe a Curve, one Part where- of will be below the Line defcribed by the Centre, and the other above it, — This Line, thus defcribed by the Point taken in the Radius, is call'd the Trochoid.

The right Line which joyns the two Extremities of the Trochoid, and which is either the Path the Wheel makes, Or a Line parallel to that Path, is call'd the -Safe of the Tfi- choid.

The Axis of the Trochoid, Is the Diameter of the Wheel, perpendicular to the Bale in the middle of the Motion ; or that Part of the Radius between the Trochoid and its Bate. ... The Point wherein the Axis is cut into two Parts by the Line defcribed by the Centre of the Wheel, is call'd the Cetttre of the Trochoid ; the uppermoft Point of the Axis, the Vertex of the Trochoid ; and the Plane, comprehended between the Trochoid and its Bafe, the Trochoidal Space.

The Trochoid is the fame with what we otherwise call the Cycloid ; the Properties, &c. whereof, fee under the Article Cycloid.

The Word is form'd from the Greek, t&x&i Wheel, and a J*©-, Form.

TROGLODYTES, Troglodyte, in the ancient Geo- graphy, a People of ^Ethiopia, faid to have lived in Caves under Ground.

(Pomp. Mela gives a ftrange Account of them. — He fays they did not fb properly fpeak as ffiriek j that they liv'd on Serpents, l£c.

Tzetza calls them Ichthyophagi. Mont anus takes them to be the fame withthofe call'd in Scripture Ghanamim. T'hi- tiamis in Strabo, will have them wrote without the I, Trogo- ditee.

The Word is form'd of the Greek, r§ayKtt t Caverna.

Troglodytes are alfo fpoke of as a Sect of Jevtifji Idolaters. See Sect.

The Prophet Ezekiel relates, cap. viii. v, 8- 9 10, &p, that God, among other Abominations of the Ifraelites which he fet before him, fliew'd him feventy old Men, who with their Cenfers in their Hands, adored fecretly, all kinds of Animals and Reptiles painted on the Wall.

< Pkilapius on this Vjfion of the Prophet, erects thefe Idola- ters into a Sect of Ifraelites, who, hiding themfelves under Ground and in Caves, adored all kinds of Idols: And the Editor of T'hilafrius calls this Seel 'Troglodytes, from Tfeoyhn, a Cave, and Ai#, I penetrate, as believing, on the Credit of "Fhilaftrius, that thole of this Seel: hid themfelves in Caves.

And yet the Prophet plainly fhews, that it was in iecret Parts of their Houfes, and not in fubterraneous Caverns, that thefe 70 Ifraelites Idolatrized.

The Word Troglodytes, then, is feign'd 5 ib is the Sect.

TROIA or Trojan Games, Ludi Trojani, were Games inftituted by Afcamm, Son of JEneas ; and which afterwards pafs'd to the Romans, and were celebrated in the Circus by the Youth of Rome. See Games and Circus.

One of the Number who prefided over the Solemnity, was call'd the c Princeps Juventutis ; and was always of one of the firffc Families in Rome. See Prince.

At firft, 'tis fuppoled, they only engaged on Foot and on Horfehack 3 becaufe Virgil, whodefcribes thefe Games in the JEneid. lib^Y. onlyfpeaksof Horfes and Cavaliers, withoutany mention of Biga; and Quadrigae, which were not in Uie at Rome, till long after Afcanius. — And yet T)ion, fpeaking of Ctefar's Games, fays, the Youth there combated in Chariots : But 'tis thought by fome, that thefe were not the Trojan Games, but Courfes and Combats of a different Kind, proper for voung People of a more advanced Age.

TROLLING, among Anglers. — To Troll, is to fifh for Pikes with a Rod, whole Line runs on a Reel. See SPi£e- Fishing.

TRONCHONNE & demembree, in Heraldry, denotes a Crofs orotherThing cut in Pieces and difmembred, yet fo as all the Pieces keep up the Form of a Crofs, though fet ata fmall Diftance from one another. See Cross.

TRONAGE, Tronagium, an ancient Cuftom or Toll pay'd for the weighing of Wooll.

The Word comes from Trona, an old Name for a Beam to weigh withal. Hence

TRONATOR, an Officer of the City of London, whofe Bufinefs it was to weigh the Wooll brought into that City.

TRONE- Jftv^r, was the fame with what we now call Trov-iveight. See Weight.

TROOP of Florfe, is a fmall Body of Horfe, under the Command of a Captain!; anfwering to a Company of Foot. See Company and Captain.

Independant Troop, is a Troop that .is not imhodied with, or joined to any Regiment. See Regiment, Guard, i$c. To beat the Troop, is the fecond Beat of a Drum, where- by the Foot are advertis'd to march. See Drum.

TROPE, Tropus, in Rhetoric, a kind of Figure of Speech, whereby a Word or Diction is changed from its proper and natural Signification into another, with fome Advantage. See Figure,

As, when we fay an Afs, for a flnpid T>erfon ; Thunderbolt of War, for a great Captain, to iwfb the Slack-more white* for a fruitlefs Undertaking.

This Change of Senfe is never to be ufed, but where it gives a Force and Dignity, or renders the Difcourfe more iignificant, weighty and graceful.

'Tis call'd Trope, from the Greek, tfara, verto, I turn, change, in regard the Words are here transferred from the Things they properly import, to others which they only im- port indirectly ; and that Tropes only fignify the Things they are applied to by reafbn of the Connexion and Relation thole Things have with thufe other;!, whole proper Names they are.

This Chsnge or Inverfion is perform'd various Ways ; but chiefly Four; whence arife four principal Tropes, viz. the Metaphora, Metonymia^Synechdoche and Ironia ; each where- of, fee under the proper Articles, Metaphora, Metony- mia, Synecdoche, &c.

Some Authors confound the Term Trope, with Figure 5 but they are very different Things. - — Mofr Authors, as F. de Colonia, &c. make Figure, the Genus, and Trope, a Species ; defining Figure to be any Ornament in Difcourfe, whereby it is railed above the common Language ; and Trope "to be that peculiar kind of Ornament which con- fifts in the Change of the Senfe, l£c.

But Voffius makes Trope and Figure to be two collateral and independent Things 5 defining Trope to be the Change of the Senfe, $$c. And Figure, to be any Ornament, except what becomes lb by fuch Change, &&. See Figure-

'Tis in the Tropes, principally, that the Riclinefs and Variety of a Language confifts ; and yet thole fhould never be ufed but to exprefs what could only be reprefented im- perfectly, in common and proper Terms. — - Tropes fhould always be clear ; they are vicious, if they be oblcure, or too far-fetch'd. The Idea of the Trope fhould be fb connected with that of the proper Name, that they fhould follow each other; fb that in exciting the one, the other fhould be awakened of courfe.

Befides the four capital Tropes above-mentioned, there are feveral inferior ones: When the Trope is too bold, 'tis call'd an Hyperbole ; when continued, 'tis an Allegory ; when too ohfeure, zx\JEnigma-j when it fhocks us, or is too remote, a Catachrefis. Sec Hyperbole, Allegory, -Enigma,

Add to thefe, other Tropes, as the Metahpfis, Antonoma- fa and Litotes or Extenuation. See Metalepsis, £=?c.

Some alio refer the Six Kinds of Irriiion, to the Tropes^ viz. the Sarcafm, T)iafyrm, Charientifm, AJleifm, MyBerifm andMunefs; but without iufficient Reafon. See Sarcasm*

TROPHY, Trophjeum, among the Ancients, a Pile or Heapof Arms of avanquim/d Enemy, rais'd by the Conqueror in the moft eminent Part of the Field of Battel.

The Word is alfo ufed for an artificial Reprefentation of fuch a Pile in Marble, Stone or other Matter. — Such were the Trophies of Alariusand Sylla in the Capitol, &c.

The ancient Trophies confift of Greek and Roman Arms ; and the Modern ones of Arms of the various Nations row in ufe ; as in thole infblated ones near Blenheim, in the Fauxbourg, S. Antoin, and in the Caftle of Verfailles.

Some are done in BalFu-Relievo, as tbofe of the Trajan Column, and the Attic of the Court of the Loltvre.

Trophies ate likewife frequently exhibited on Medals of the Emperors, ftruck on occafion of Victories ; wherein, befides Arms and Spoils, are frequently feen, one or two Captives by the Sides of the Trophy.

Trophies, M. Vaillant oblerves, were, originally, nothing; but Trunks of Trees, which the Victor planted on the moft eminent Part of the conquer'd Province, and which were hung with the Spoils of the Enemy, to perpetuate the Memory of his Defeat.

The Word is form'd from the Lathi, Trophceum, which Vejjius deduces from the Greek, Trope, the Flight of an Enemy.

TROPHY. Money, a Duty of 4 A. paid Annually by the Houfe-keepers or the Trained Bands, for the Drums, Colours, £?£. of their refpective Companies. See Mili- tia.

TROPICKS, Tropici, in Aftronomy, two immoveable Circles of the Sphere, drawn through the Solftiiial Points, parallel to the Equator. See Circle and Sphere.

Such are the Circles M E and N L, Tab. Aflronomy, Fig. 52. See Solstitial T'oint.

Or, the Tropicks may be defined two Circles parallel to the Equator, at fuch Diftance therefrom, as is equal to the Sun's greateft Recefs from the Equator towards the Poles ; or to the Sun's greateft: Declination; or the Obliquity of the Ecliptic. See Declination, Obliquity, ££?g.

That of the Tropicks drawn through the beginning of Cancer E, is called the Tropic of Cancer. See Cancer.

And that through the beginning of Capricorn, the Tropic of Capricorn, See Capricorn.

They