Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/914

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Knights. They made Part of the Centtimviri. The Title they bear on Medals, is II1VIR AAA FF. Triumvir Auro Argenta Airs Flando, Feriendo, which fignifies that they had the Direction of the cafting and linking of Gold, Silver and Brafs.

There were z\{o -—Triumviri JEdibus reficiendis, Officers appointed to look to the Reparation of Temples.— Triumviri Colonis deducendis, for the conducting and fettling of Colonies. — - Triumvirs for the railing of Troops. — Notlumal Tri- umviri, to prevent or extinguifli Fires. — Triumvirs to re- view the Forces, l£c.

In the Acilitm Family, we read of one M. Acilius HlVIR VALETU. that is, Triumvir of Health, or a Magiflrate of Health. — M. Spmheim takes him to have been a Com- mifuoner eftablifh'd to perform Sacrifice to the Gods of Health, to Dedicate their Temples, £$c.

Onuphrius and Vaillant read Triumvir Valetudinis ; 'Putin, Triumvir Valetudimrius ; but M. Spanheim, with much more Reafon, reads Triumvir Vahtudo ; in like manner, as on n Medal of the Aqmlian Family, we read IIIVIR VIRTUS, fignifying, that one M. Aquilms had been made Triumvir, to repair the Temple of Virtue, and Acilius, that of Health.

TRIUMVIRATE, an abfolute Government adminifter'd by threePerfons, with equal Authority. See Triumvir.

There were two famous Triumvirates at Rome, — Pompey, Ctefar and Crajfus eftablifhed the firft ; and Augujlus, Mark Anthony and Lepidvs, the fecond.

This latter Triumvirate gave the laft Blow to the Liberty of the Republic. Augitfius having vanquifh'd Lepidus and Anthony, the Triumvirate funk into a Monarchy. See Monarchy.

TRIUNE, q-d. tfesin Uno, Three in one, a Term fome- times applied to God, to exprefs the Unity of the God-head, in a Trinity of Perfons. See Trinity.

TROCHAIC, Trochaicus, in the Latin Poetry, a kind of Vcrfe confining of Trochees ; or wherein that Foot pre- dominates ; as the Iambic's do in the Iambic. See Iambic and Trochee.

The XVIIIthOde of the II. Book of Horace's Odes, con- fifts of Strophes of two Verfes, the firft whereof is Trochaic Dimetre Cataleptic; i. e. Trochaic, compofed of three Trochees, befides a Syllable at the End,

Nm ebur mque Aureum

Lirgioria flagito.

TROCHANTER, in Anatomy, a Name given to two Apophyles fituate in the upper Part of the Thigh-bone. See Apophysis;

Thelargeft, which is above, is ca\Y A the great Trochanter ; and the fmaller, beneath, the lefs Trochanter. See Femur.

The Word literally fignifies Rotator or Roller, from the Greek, Tp°x* u > roro > I run » I turn round. — Thar Appella- tion was given to thofe Apophyfes, by reafon they receive the Tendons of mod of the Mufcles of the Thigh, amongft which are the Obturators which move it round. See Obtu- rator.

TROCHEE, Trochteus, in the Greek and Latin Poetry, a kind of Foot, confifting of two Syllables, the firft long, the latter ihort — Such are the Words vade and mufa. See Foot.

The Trochee is the Reverfe of the Iambus 5 and has a juft contrary Effect ; the latter being light and fprightly, and the former weak and languid, as all thofe Meafures are, which move from a long to a fhort Syllable. See Iambic.

Some call the Trochee, the Choree, Choricus, becaufe proper for Son^s and Dances.

TROCHE, Trochiscus, in Pharmacy, a Form of Medi- cine, made to be held in the Mouth to diflolve.

The Troche is properly a dry Compofition, the chief In- gredients whereof, after having been brought into a very fub- tile Powder, arc incorporated with fome proper Liquor, as diftill'd Waters, Wine, Vinegar or Mucilages ; and reduced into a Mafs, which is moulded into little Cakes or Balls of any Form, at Plcafure, and dried in the Air far from rhe Fire.

There are Troches oi various Kinds, and for various Inten- tions ; as Purgative, Alterarive, Aperitive, Corroborative, iSc.

Latin Authors call them Tafiilli, RouiU, 'placentitis, Ories and Orbiculi ; and the Englifi, frequently, Lozenges.

The chief Troches are of Agaric, Liquorice, Nutmeg, Amber, Rhubarb, Capers, Myrrh, Rofcs, Camphor, Squilla:,

Vipers, ££fc« _,

Thofe of Coloquintida, are call d Troches of Alhandal, from the Arabs, who call Coloquintida, Handal.

TROCHILUS, Trochile, in Architecture, a large hollow Member, whofe Cavity is compofed of two Arches ; fuch is that HKI, Tab. Architect. Fig. 13.

The Trochilus is ufually call'd by the Modern Architects, Scotia. See Scotia ; and by our Eiiglijb Workmen, Cafe- went. See Casement.

TROCHITjE, or Trochites, in natural Hiftory, a kind

of figurd foffil Stones, refembling Plants; vulgarly call'd St. Cmberd's Beads. See Fossil and Stone.

ihey are ufually of an opake, dark Colour, break like Flint, pohfh'd and fhining,and areeafily diffolv'd in Vinegar. --- Iheir F,gure is generally Cylindrical, fometimes a little lapermg, the Circumference fmooth, and both the flat Sides coyer d wirh fine Radii drawn from a certain Hole in the Middle to the Circumference. See Tab. Natural Hiftory, Fig. 12.

Two or three or more of tshefe Trochites- joyn'd together, eonflitute what the Naturalifts call anEmrochos. SeeEH-

TROCHOS.

The Trochitte, or fingle Joints, are fo fet together, that the Rays of one enter into Furrows in the other, as in the Sutures of the Skull. — They are found in great Plenty in the Bodies of the Rocks at Braughton and Stock, two Villages in Craven, at all Depths under Ground; vaMendip Hills, &c. fometimes only fprinkled here and there, and fometimes in large Strata or Beds of all Magnitudes, from the Size of the fmalleft Pin, to two Inches about.

They are generally found ramous or branchy, larger Branches arifing from the Stem, or Cylinder, and fmaller from rhefe. The Branches being deeply inferted into the Stem, the tearing them off leaves great Holes therein.

Dr. Lijter has difcover'd a Jbrt of little Fragments among them, which he takes to have been the Apices of the Plants 5 and another Sort, which he fuppofesto have been the Roots. — In effefl, the TrochittC are generally allow'd to be the Bodies of Rock-Plants, fuch as Corai is. See KocK-Plant.

Mr. Beaumont in rhe Philofophical TranfaSiions, affures us, he has found rhat all the Cliffs in fome Mines, are made up of thefe Stone-plants, fome whereof have been converted into Lime-ftone Rocks, while in their tender Growth ; while others becoming Spar, compofe Bodies of that Subftancej and confidering that all the Cliffs for a very large Circum- ference in fome Places, confift wholly of thefe Plants ; we may fay, there have been, and, in all probability, ftill are whole Fields or Forefts of thefe under Ground, as there areof Coral in the Red Sea. See Coral.

In the Couries between the Cliffs, are found of thefe Plants at all Stages and Degrees 0! Maturity, growing up in the gritty Clay, and rooted in the rake mold Stones, many of them of the Form and Dimenfions of a Tobacco-pipe, fome yet crude or raw Clay, others of the Confiftence of Limeftone, others ftill harder, with the evident Beginnings of Circles and Su- tures ; and others full grown, and become perfect Spar, which is their Point of Maturity. See Spar. ■

The Pith continues ftill white and foft ; as thewhole Plant, no doubt, was at firft ; and is continually refrefKed by the mi- neral Streams and Moifture which have free Accefs to it through Five hollow Slits or Feet in the figured Roots, or through the Mafs of Clay ufually lying under the plain Roots.

Nor can it be denied, but thefe Stone-plants have true Life and Growth. — In the Curiofity of their Make, rhey may vie with moft of the Vegetable Kingdom, and are fhaped and. formed like them, having Stem, Branches, Roots, an inward Pith, as likewife Joints and Runnings in their Girt, and fometimes Cells to fupply the Place of Veins and Fibres : Why, then, mayn't they be allowed as proper Vegetations > as other Plants ?

Indeed 'tis highly probable, thefe Rcck-plants are Lapides fui Generis, and not parts of Animals or Plants petrified, as many Authors have imagined. — If the figuted Roots, where- on they fometimes grow, give any Sufpicion they might have belong'd to an Animal, particularly a Species of the Stella Arborelcens ; the Trunks clearly evince the contrary, and can never be look'd on as Parts of an Animal : nor are they reducible to any known Species of Vegetables. Mr. 'Beau- mont tells us, he has by him above 20 different Species of Trochites, all of them wonderfully regular, and not to be parallelled by any Vegetable he knows of in Nature: and 'tis inconceivable how fo many Species diffufed through many Parts of the Earth, fhould come to be loft. See Plant, Petrifaction, Cornu Ammonis, &c.

TROCHLEA, one of the mechanical Powers, ufually call'd a 'Pulley. See Pulley.

Hence the Cavity in the Bone of the Arm or Shoulder,' whereinto, when the Arm is ftretched forth, the Procefs of the undermoft and lefler of the long Bones of the Cubitus enters, is alfb called Trochlea. See Cubitus, %$g.

TROCHLEARES, in Anaromy, a Name given the oblique Mufcles of the Eye, becaufe ferving to pull the Eye obliquely upwards or downwards, as if it turn'd like a Pulley. See Obliojjus and Eye.

TROCHOID, Trochoides, in Geometry, a Curve, whofe Genefis maybe thus conceived. — Ifa Wheel or Circle be moved with a two-fold Motion at the fame time, the one in aright Line, and the other circularly about its Centre ; and thefe two Motions be equal, i. e. defctibe two equal Lines in the lame Time : And if in the Radius, which at the begin- ning of the Motion, reaches from the Centre of the Wheel, or the firft Point of the Line which deftribes the Circumference,

If