Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/907

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that it render'd their Perfons facred, and gave them a Right to affemble and difmifs the Senate, which were Rights the Thbumcian 'Power held in common with the Tribunes.

F. Bardtllin thinks we fhould diftinguifh two Tribunichn 'Powers ; the one Civil, the other Military 5 but the Proof he brings thereof is very weak. M. Spanheim lays, his Di- ftinction is only founded on vain Conjectures, none of which deferve Notice.

The Learned are greatly divided as to the Month and Day whereon the Tribumcian Power commenced : Sigonius and 'i^i'/w will have it begin on the ift of January. Others^ as Perizonim, on the 5th of the Calends of July : M ( Toward on the 4 th of the Ides of (December : Ouuphrius, Cardinal Noris, F. Pogi, &c. on the Day of the Emperor's Acceffion to the Empire j with this Difference, that F. Pagi takes it to be on the 5th of the Calends of the Month where- in the Prince was proclaim'd j and that this Day was, for this Reafon, held facred among the Romans.

F. Hardouin thinks, that on Medals the Tribunidan Po'ver commences on the Anniverfary of the Building of Rome, viz. the nth of the Calends of May ; excepting on the Greek Medals, where it begins in September* in regard this Month, which began the "Greek Year, was near the Time when the Tribunidan Power was firft contcrr'd.

Of all thefe Sentiments the moft probable is that of Onufhrius, &c. fetting afide the Reltriclion of F. Pagi. See M. Spanheim, Diflert. XII. Tom. II. p. 429.

TRIBUNUS MUitum or Militaris, or Military Tri- bune, an Officer in the Roman Army who commanded in chief over a Body of Forces, particularly a Legion 5 much the fame with our Colonel, or the French Meftre deCamp>, See Legion.

There is fome Diftinclion of the Tribunes, into Fatidavi, and Anguftidavi : Thofe born of noble Families were al- low'd, after they were made Tribunes of a Legion, to take the Zatidavus. See Laticlavus.

The reft were only to wear the Anguflicla-vus j whence Suetonius takes Care to inform us, that his Father was Tu- bulins Laticlavus of the 13 th Legion- Over thefe T'ribUnes of Legions and Cohorts, there were other "Tribunes who commanded in the Abfence of the Con- suls, and who were invefted with a Confular Authority. — Sudeas will have thefe to be much the fame as the Marfhals of Prance., or, at leaft, Lieutenants General.

Romulus likewife effablifli'd a Tribune of the Cavalry, Tribunus Bquitum, who was the fame with the Magijler Eqnitnm under the Dictators, the firft Officer after the Kings. See Magister Equitzlm.

The Tribunes of the Soldiery, were of an elder ftanding than thofe of the People 5 thole latter being elected out of the former.

Varro will have it, they were call'd Tribunes, becaufe, at firft, they were only three in Number in each Legion, when the Legion confifted of three thoufand Men, taken out of the three Tribes then on Foor.

In Proportion as the Legion was increas'd, the Number of Tribunes was likewife increas'd to the Number of fix.

At firft, the Election lay in the General of the Army 5 but in the Year of Rome 391, it was appointed, that the People fhould nominate one Parr, and the General another; The latter were call'd Rufuli, from Rotilius Rufus, who p.ifs'd the Law.

Thofe chofe by the People in the Comitia, were call'd Comiliati: They were indifferently either Patricians or Ple- beians; and had the fame Marks of Honour as the Confuls themf elves. — The Tribune of the T'retcrian Cohorts was the Captain of the Guards. See Pretorian.

The Term Tribune was alfo apply'd to various other Offi- cers ; as the Tribuui JErarii, Tribunes of the Treafury : — The Tribune of the Celeries, the Officer who commanded them : The Tribuni Fabricarum, thofe who had the Di- rection of the making of Arms : The Tribuni Mariuorum ; Tribuni Nolanorum, Tribuni Voluptatum, mention'd in the Theodofan Code, as Intendants of the Publick Shews and other Diverfions.

The Title Tribune was alio given to the chief of a Tribe. See Tribe.

TRIBUTE, Tritjutum, a Duty or Tax which one Prince or Srate is oblig'd to pay to another, as a Token of Dependance 5 or in Virtue of a Treaty, and as a Purchafe of Peace.

The Romans made all the Nations they f ubdu'd pay them Tribute. —Mahomet laid it down as a Fundamental of his Law, that all the World fhould pay him Tribute.

In the States of the Grand Signior, Chriftian Children are taken in Way of Tribute, to make Janifaries. See Jani-

SARY.

Tribute is (bme times alfo us'dfor a perfonal Contributi- on. which Princes levyon theirSubjeclsby Way of Capitation or Poll -Money. See Tax.

In this it differs from an Irnnoft, which 'is properly what is laid on Merchandizes. See Impost.

TRIBUTARY, one who pays Tribute to another, in ordetf to live in Peace with him, or (hare in his Protection. See

Tribute.

The Republic of Ragufa is Tributary to the Grand Turk- ib is the Cham of Little Tartary, £$c.

TRICEPS, in Anatomy, a Mufcle of the Thigh, having three Originations, and as many Inferrions 5 and which may therefore, be conveniently divided into three Mufcles, all arifing from the Os Pubis, and inferted into theLinca Afpera of the Thigh Rone, whereof they poffefs the greateft Part. See Muscle.

They ferve as Adduclores, and draw the Thighs together.

TRICUSPIDES, in Anatomy, an Epithet given to three Valves, fituate at the Entrance of the Vena Cava into the Heart. See Valve.

They open from without inwards, fb as to let the Blood of the Cava pais into the Heart, but prevent its Reflux into the Cava. See Heart.-

They are thus call'd, from their Figure, which is triangu- lar : Some fancy them to be of the Figure of three Tongues 3 and call them Triglottides.

TRIDENT, Tridens, an Attribute of Neptune 5 being a kind of Scepter which the Painters and Poets put in the Hands of that God, in form of a Fork with three Teeth- whence the Word. See Scepter.

The Poets ftill tell us, that Neptune makes the Earth open, whenever he ftrikes it with his Trident.

Trident, among Mathematicians, is us'd for a Kind of Parabola, by which Cartes eonftrucled Equations of fix Dimenfions. See Parabola.

TRIEMIMERIS, a kind of Gefura of a Latin Verfe, wherein, after the firft Foot of the Verfe, there remains an odd Syllabic, which helps to make up the next Foot ; as in this Verfe,

llle latus nivmm molli fultus llyacintho*

TRIENNIAL, an Epithet applied chiefly to Offices or Employments, which laft for three Years.

Thus we fay, a Triennial Government : Moft regular Monafteries have Triennial Superiors ; they cleft new ones at the End of each three Years.

In 1695, an A 61: was made for Triennial Parliaments, ?'. e. for Parliaments which fhould be diflblved, and the Members be elecled anew every three Years. Till that Time, the Kinp had it in his Power to prorogue and continue his Parliaments as long as he pleas'd. — This opened a Door to Corruption, which^the Triennial Bill was intended to prevent.

The Triennial Aft has, from fome other Views, been fince Repeal'd : The great Struggles ufual at Elections, the great Ferment it ufually puts the Nation into, the great Ex- pences upon that Occafion, with other Considerations, deter- mined the Legislature, in 17 17, to change Triennial Parlia- ments for Septennial ones. See Parliament.

TRIENS, in Antiquity, a Term ufed for two different Things j i° A Copper Money, of the Value of one Third

of an As. On one Side, it bore a Janus's Head, and on

the other, a Water-Rat. This was the Piece of Money ufed to be put in the Mouths of the Deceas'd, to pay Charon his Fare for their Paffage into the other Life, See Money and Coin.

2° The Triens was alfb a drinking Cup 5 and that which was ordinarily ufed. — It was a fourth Part of the Septary, Septary.

TRIFOLIUM or Trefoil, any threc-leafd Grafs : That which is moft ufed in Medicine, is the Trifolium Aquaricmn, or Buck -Bean, which is very detergent, and ufed with Suc- cefs in Scorbutic, Rheumatic and Scrophulous Habits. The way of ufing it is generally to make a pretty ftrong Infufion of the dry'd Herb, in form of Tea.

TRIGA, in Antiquity, a kind of Car, or Chariot with three Horfes. Sec Car, $$c.

The Triga, in reality, was only drawn by two Horfes 3 fb that it was properly a Biga .-but it had, befides,a third Horfe tied to the others, like a led Horfe, for Change. See Biga.

Statins calls the third Horfe Equus funalh ; Hefychms t T«P»op©- ; and T)ionyfms Halicarnaffem, rsf«.T©-.

We don't find the Triga on any ancient Monument 5 but it was a long time in ufe among the Romans, at .their Ludi Circen r es. — — The Greeks, who firft introduced it, foon aban- don 'd it.

TRIGAMY, a third Marriage 5 or the State of a Perfon who has been married three Times. See Marriage.

In the ancient Church, Trigamy was only allowed to fuch as had no Children by their former Marriages,

If having Children by one or both the former, they married again, after 40 Years of Age, they were excluded from Communion for five Years. — If the) were only ; Years old, rl ie Pemvnce was bur four Y ears

TRIGLYPHS, in Architecture, a r ed at equal Intervals in the T-oric ?-"■ 1

They