Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/906

 T R I

[ Hi i

T R I

Sound difpos'd between two others, mates two Thirds at once, and of Conlequencea double Harmony. See Fifth»

Hence it is, that in Trio's, particularly, this Concord is pretirr'd to that which divides the Oclave into a Fifth and a Fourth ; In regard that, if there be a Concord on one Side, there is a Difcnrd on the other 5 whereas here the Harmony is comp'eat on both Sides.

Of the three Sounds which corfipbfe the harmonica! Irtadi the graveft is call'd the Fundament at, or Safs 5 the acuteft, i. e, that which makes the Fifth, and which terminates the Concord upwards, is call'd the excluded or higbejh Sound ; and that which divides the Fifth lb agreeably into two Thirds, is call'd the harmomcal Mean.

The Divifion of the Fifth into two Thirds, may be per- form M two Ways, viz-. i°. Harmonically, when the greater Third is lowed, and the lefs atop 5 in which Cale the
 * tri#d is perfect and natural.

2 Q. Arithmetically, when the left Third is loweft, and the greater a top 5 in which Cafe the Triad is imperfect and flat. Both are good •, but the latter not to be often us'd.

TRIBE, Tribus, in Antiquity, a certain Quantity or Number of People 5 when a Divifion is made of a Nation into Quarters or Diftri&s.

The City of Athens was divided into ten Tribes. — The Jewijfo Nation into twelve Tribes, the Defendants of the twelve Sons of Jacobs vh. the 'Tribes of jfisdab, of Reuben, Gady AJher, Dan, Naphthali, Ephraim t 'Manajfah, Simeon, Zevi, Jfjachar, Zabukn, and Benjamin;

Thele, in effect, make thirteen Tribes, from twelve Pa- triarchs j by Realon the Poflerity of Jcfeph was divided into two Tribes, that of Manaffah, and that of Bphraim. See Patriarch.

There were ten of thefe Tribes that revolted and follow'd Jeroboam.

The Roman People was at fir ft only divided into three Tribes j and from this Number three, tres, it was that the Word Tribe, Tribus, took its Rife. — This Divifion was ac- commodated by Romtihis, to the ie-vfcral Nations he had united : The firft conhfted of the Albans, the fecond of the Sabins, and the third of a Mixture of Fugitives, who came to icek an Afylum at Rome.

ServiusTuilits fearing this Partition rtiight occafion Sedi- tions, divided the Inhabitants of Rome by Cantons, not by Nations; accordingly, he diltributcd the City into four Quarters or Tribes j and by Realon a great Number of Ci- tizens had retir'd into the Country about, of thofe he com- pos M 26 other Tribes j ib thai from his Time the Roman .People confifted of 30 Tribes.

In after-times, the Number of Tribes was encreas'd to 3$ ; but they then ceas'd to be rang'd according to the Quarters of the City. — The Distribution depended on the Cenfors, who form'd their Lift at Dilcretion, frequently confounding the Country Tribes with thofe of the City.

A Man was never abfolutely a Roman Citizen, unlets he had the Jus Tribus, i. e. till he were intitled to the Honours of the Magiftrature, as alio to a Right of voting in Affeniblies of the People: And this was what tfrcy call'd jus j^utfi- titim.

Hence, the Inhabitants of the municipal Cif : es, were only imperfect Citizens, as being of no Tribe. See Citi- zen.

The Freedmen were oblig'd to purchafe this Right of Tribe, which did not otherwife belong to them, tho' they were Citizens of Rome. See Libertus.- j

The Names of the 35 Tribes were, i°. the palatine. 2 .' fire Suburana. 3 .- the Collins. 4 . the Tfauilina. 5 . the Ro- milia. 6°. the JEmilia. 7 . the Crufiitmina; 8°. the Cornelia: p°. the Fabia. io°. the Galeria. 11". the Zeomonia. 12 . the Jl/entina or Menenia. 1 3 . the Ocriculana. 14°.- the pap'tria. t$°. the pollia. 16 . thePopilia. i 7 °> the <Pufma. i8°.fhe Sirgia. 19 . the Vegentina. 20 . the Voltinia, 21°- the Clau- dia. iz c . the Stellatina. 23 . the Ttomentina. 24 . the Ar- j/enjis. 25°. the Se&atma. 26 . vhe Po?nptina. i^.theP^ob- lilia. 28°- the Mcecia. 29 . the Scaptia.- 30 . the Onfeniina: 31 ■. the Falerina. 32 . the Anienjis. 33 . theTerentina. 34°. the Veiina. 35°.the Jguirina. in ancient Authors and In. icriptions, we meet with the Names of others, ws. Pinaria,- Sappinia, Camilla, Ceftia, Clue-ntia, Sec-

TRIBRACHES, in the ancient Frofody. a Footof Verfc,- confifting of three Syllables, and thole all fiiort, as Melius.

The Word is form'd from the Greeky rg£f t three, and

TRIBUCH, and Treruchet, a Tumbrel, or Cucking- ftool. See CucitiNG-/7A?/.

TRIBtJNAL, judgment- Seat, the Seat of a Judge. See

JOTiCE.

The Tribunal in a Court of Juftice,js property the Seat or Bench whereon the Judge and' his AfXbciates are placed. See Bench.

The Word is Latin, and takes its Origin from' a Seat rais'd from the Ground, wherein the Tribune of the Roman People was plac'd to adminifler Juftice. See Tajbum-f..

Tribunal, Tribunal or Tribune, among the Ancients, $$ alio a Place from whence the People were harangued.

Among the Romans, it was an Eminence near the Terri- ple, in the Place call'd 'Pro Rofifis t where the People were harangued in Tribes!,

The French Architects likewife ufe the Word Triune for a Gallery or Eminence in a Churcli, of other Place, wherein the Mafic is plac'd for a Symphony or Concert.

TRIBUNE, Tribunus ~Militum<xMiliurisizti O'fEcer' in the Roman Army. See Tribunus,

Tribune, Tribunus 'Flebis, in Antiquity, a $.ontan Magiilrate, chofen out of the Populace, "to prqtecT: them againft the Oppreflion of the Great, and to defend the Li : bertjf of the reople againftthe Attempts of the Senate and Confuls.

The Tribunes of the. 'People were fir ft edabliflrd in t!ie Year of Rome 2J9. The firJt Delign qf the Creation, was to fheltcr them from the Cruelties of Ufurers, and to en- gage them to quit the Aventlne Mdunt, whither they had re. tir'd in Difplealiire.

Their Number, at firft, was but two,; bu.t the next Xeit] under the Conlulate of A: 'Pofihumus Arunciui, and CafJiuS VifcelVmUS, there were three more added - 7 and this Number of five wis afterwards increas'd by £. Trebbuius to ten. . Tnfc Appellation Tribune was given them,' by resfbri they were at firft chofen out of the Tribunes of the Army.' See Tribunus.

the Tribunes ^ere, as it were, the Leaders and Guardi- ans of the People. — They call'd Affcmblies of the People when they pleas'd i and in thole AfTemblies frequently au- null'd the Decrees of the Senate. Nothing could be con- cluded without their Content, which they expreis'd by fub- feribing the Letter T at the Bottom of the Decree, 'rhey had it in their Power to prevent the Execution of any De- cree, without giving any Reafbn for it, and merely b'y fub- fcribing Veto.

They fometimes call'd the Confuls and Dilator to account for their Conduci, before the People.

Augufitii himftlf was Tribune for 37 Years 5 Tiberius a(- fum'd the fame Quality ; as likewile did his : SuecefTbr, fig- nifying the Year of their Tribunate on fheir Medals and Coins: But their Deiign, herein, was only t6 poffefs them- ielves of all the Authority, that there might be no-body to oppofe them. Sre TRiBtiNiciAN* . TRIBUNIClAN, a Term among Antiquaries and Me- tiallids. — The Tribunjcian ^Poifer, was the Dignity, OfHce, or Authority of a Tribune oj thePebple. See Trib<jne ;

This Power was affdiu'd by the Emperors,' arid makes one of rhe chief Tides ihey bear on' their Medals : The Qua- lity was firfU imrodue'd by Augujfus, to keep the Sovereign' Authority over the other Magiifrates, without either taking that of Didatoror King. Indeed it was offer'd to 'Julius' Ctffar; but he defpis'd it. Auguftus is the firft who us'd ir, j and his SucceiTors follow'd his Example. -•- They reckon: the Years of their Empire on rheir Medals by thofe of their Tribunician 'Power.

This Power was fometimes given them for a certain Num- ber of Years, and fometimes for ever. Sometimes the Em- perors would communicate the Power to fitch as they aila- ciated, or as they intended to fucceed them : And Tiberius held it fifteen Years with Auguftus. But this Pra.ctice only obtain'd till the Time of P'ttler/an and Gallian. After them vve only find T R, P. IE in Claudius : T R. P. V. in Aurelian i and T R. P. in Prcbus.

This, however, is to be underft'ood of Medals, for in In- fcriptions We find it after that Time.

Cardinal Noris and F. Pagi have dil'puted about this tri- bunician Power, wherein it ainfifted.--- The firft maintains; tha'r it did nbi at all' differ from that of the ordinary Tri- bunes, which confifted in three Thing?, i°. In a Ri^ht of oppofing all the Ai5is and Refblutions of the otherMagi- ffrares. 2 . In that it render'd their Perlon iaCred sTnd invio- lable. 3 . In a Right of making E'JicVand Laws.

F:Pagi a.(Verts,> that it.made'an Addition to the Power nf the Tribunes 5' that the Privilege it had of making EdicEs, was more ffmple than that of the ordinary Tribunes ; be- fide'!, that it carry'd with it a Power of convening the Senate at rieafure.

M. Spanheim i's of F. <Pagi's Opiniorr: He believes tns't the Tribunician Power had much* the Advantage of the! Tribunate, i°. In that it was peculiar to the Patricians,- and; did not reduce the Perfon who held' it to the Degree of a* Plebeian. 2 . In : that ir was nor confin'd to the City of Ro7/?e alone, like the other, but extended throughout the Empire * as well as the Prbconfular Power, which was ufually annex'd to it, 3. That the Dignity of the Tribunes was' inferior to that of the Fretors j whereas the Trlbiuiician. tPcw'of the Cccfars, conferr'd,- according to Tacitus, a So-" yereign Authority overall Magiftrates, and rehder'd ; i'udh ar it was communicated to,, equal to the_Emperor3, a^d even' their Collegues in the Empire : Befid'es the Power of op- pofing the Enterprises of sQ the other Magiftra'cs^ ani