Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/896

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This Kind gives Forfeiture of E {cheats to every Lord Within his Manor. See Escheat.

There is alio mention made of Accumulative and Con* ftrudive Treafon, in the Statute 14 Car. II.

TREASURE, Thefauws, ©si^up©-, Store of Money in refcrve. See Treasurer and Treasury.

Treasure-Taw, q* d. Treajure found, in Law, is when any Money, Gold, Silver, Plate, or Bullion, is found in any Place, and none knows to whom it belongs.

This fhould, naturally, fall to the Finder j but particular People have made particular Provilions for it.-— The Jews gave it the Proprietor of the Place where it was found ; The Roman Juriiprudence was various with regard hereto 5 iometimts it was given to the Matter of the Grounds ; forac- times to the Finder, and fometimes it was adjudged to the public Treafury.

In France and England, the general Ufage is to have fuch ffreafiire fequefrred to the King, unleis where the Benefit thereof is exprefly granted or made over by the King to fbme other.

In fome Places in France, it is divided into three Parts 5 one for the Prince, one for the Proprietor of the Land, and one for the Finder.

Briton fays, 'tis every Subject's Parr, as foon as he hath found any Trea/ure in the Earth, to make it known to the Coroners of the County, gefc.

This was anciently call'd Findaringdl, of finding the Trea- fure, L L. Hen. I.

The Punifhment for concealing Treafiire found in England, is Imprifbnment and Fine 5 but if any Mine of Metal be found in any Ground, it always appertains to the Lord of the Soil, except it be a Mine of Gold or Silver, which anci- ently always belonged to the King, in whole Ground foever it were found : But by an Act of Parliament, the King now, hath oniv the Preemption,

TREASURER, an Officer to whom the Treafure of a Prince or Corporation is committed to be kept and duly difpofed of in the Payment of Officers and other Expences. See Treasury.

Of thefc there is a great Variety. -— His Majefly of Great Britain, in Quality of Elector of Brunpwick, is Arch Treafurer of the Roman Empire. — In the States of Poland are two Grand-Trea-Jiirers ; that of the Kingdom of 'Poland, and that of the Dutchy of Lithuania.

In England, the principal Officers under this Denomina- tion are the Lord High Treafurer, the treafurer of the HoufoU; Treafurer of the Navy, of the Wardrobe, of the King's Chamber, &c.

Anciently we had likewife a Treafurer of the Exchequer 5 treafurer of Wars, &c. — In the Romip Countries, the Title Trecfurer is alfb given, fbmewhat abufiveiy, to an Ecclefiaftic, who has the keeping of the Reiicks, and the Charters, and Archives of a Church, or Monastery.

This Dignity fucceeds, in fbme meafure, to that of the ancient Deacons, who bad the like Charge in the Primitive Church. See Deacon.

Lord High Treasurer of England, is the Third great Officer of the Crown. See Crown.

He receives the Office, by Delivery of a white Staff to him from the King, and holds it during the King's Pleafure: Anciently, he received it, by Delivery of the Golden Keys of the Treafury.

Under his Charge and Government, is all the King's Re- venue kept in the Exchequer. See Revenue and Ex- chequer.

He has the Check of all the Officers, any way employ 'd in collecting Imports, Cuftoms, Tributes or other Revenues of the Crown. He has the Gift of all the Cuftomcrs, Comp- trollers and Searchers Places, in all the Ports of London,- and the Nomination of the Efcheators in every County. See CvsTOM-Hot/fe, ££c

He, alone, or others in Commiffion with him, letteth Leales of all the Crown Lands, gives Warrants to certain Perfons of Quality to have their Wine Cullom-free, Qfc.

The ancient Salary was 383 /. but at prefent 8000/. The Office of Lord Treafurer, is now in Commiffion. See Treasury.

Treasurer of the JJottfhold, is an Officer, who, in the Abtence of the Lord Steward, has Power, with the Comp- troller and other Officers of the Green Cloth and the Steward of the Marfbalfea, to hear and determine Treafbns, Felonies and other Crimes committed within the King's Palace. See Household, Grees Cloth, i£c.

Treasurer of the Navy, is an Officer who receives Money out of the Exchequer, by Warrant from the Lord High Treafurer, or the Lords Commiffioners executing that Place ; and pays all Charges of the Navy, by Warrant from the principal Officers of the Navy. See Navy.

TREASURY, the Place wherein the Revenues of a Prince are receiv'd, preferv'd, and disburs'd.

In England, the Treafury is a Part of the Exchequer, by fome call'd the Lower Exchequer, See Exchequer,

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The Officers of his Majefly's Treafury, or the lower Exchequer, are, the Lord Treafurer, a Chancellor, a Secre- tary, two Chamberlains, an Auditor, four Tellers, a Clerk

?£.= *■ VBx " of the R « c 'pt. a Tally-cutter, fgi, See « each Officer under his proper Article, Chancellor, Tel- ler, 1 ALLY, 45(7,

At Rome under rhe Emperors, there were two Kinds of Treajurtes, the one call'd JErarium, wherein the Monies deft.ned to iupport the Charges of the Government were kept ; the other Fifcus, wherein were preferv'd ihofe in- tended for the particular Subfiflence of the Emperor and his Court. In effefl the jErarium belong'd to the People, and -the Fifcus to the Prince, See Fiscus.

We have ftill a Rclimblance of this Difference amon" us ; but it is confounded in Francs, Jtfc. where the King difpofes absolutely of the public Trealure, &c.

Lords of the Treasury. In lieu of one fingle Director, and Adnnuiflraror of his Majefly's Revenues, under the Title of LorJ High treafurer ; it is frequently thought proper to put that Office in Commiffion, u e. to appoint Several Perfons to difcharge it, with equal Authority, under the Title of Lords Commiffioners of rhe Treafury. See Treasurer.

TREAT, in our old Law books, from the French, Traitefi fignifies as much as taken out, or withdrawn : Thus a Juror was challenged, becaufe he could not dilpend 40/. and therefore was Treat by the Statute. Old. Nat. Sr. or dip charged.

TREATISE, TractAtus, a fet Difcourfe in Writing, on any Subject.

The Treatife is fuppofed more exprefs, formal and metho- dical than an EtTay^ but lefs fo than a Syfiero. See Essay, &c.

TREATY, a Covenant between feveral Nations ; or the fevetal Articles or Conditions flipulated and agreed upon bo tween Sovereign Powers. See Alliance.

There are Treaties of Peace, of Marriage, of Confede- racy, of Neutrality, of Capitulation, and of Commerce and Navigation. See Peace, Confederacy, &c,

The celebrated Treaties are thofe odfimegaeK, of MtMer, of the Tyreneans, of Weflfhalia, of Rtfivick, of Utrecht, of Hanover, of Vienna, &c.

Treaties of Commerce are ufually follow'd by various Ta- rifs, to adjult the Duties of Exportation and Importation of Merchandizes into the refpecfive Dominions or the con- tracting Power,

The lall Treaty of Peace, Commerce, Navigation, £ga between England and France, was fign'd uUtrecbt the ift of April, 111%, and confiffs of 59 Articles, moil whereof are regularly executed between the two Nations, only tomes of the more particular ones cannot yet be executed, by Rea- ion of fbme Difficulties in the Tarifs. See Tarif.

TREATY,in Commerce,is a Convention or Contract agreed on, and the Claufes and Conditions thereof regulated be- tween two or more Perfons. The Word is underilood of any thing that may enter into Commerce by way of Pur- chafe, Sale, Exchange, (gc. There are Treaties for the Buying of Merchandize, for the Freighting of VefTeis, for the Affurance of Goods, fs>c. See Policy.

TREBELLIANICA, or Trebellian Fourth, in the Reman Jurifprudence, a Right belonging to an Heir infti- tuted by TeUament. — If the Teftator, after appointing a full and general Heir, fpent and difpos'd of all his Effects in Legacies ; or if he went ultra Doirantem, beyond three Fourths thereof j in that Cafe, the Heir was allow'd to re- trench and detain one foufth Part of the Legacies to his own Ufe.

In like Manner, if the Teftator charg'd his Heir with a Feoffment of Truft, and ro reftore the Succeffion to ano- ther ; in that Cafe, the Heir might likewife retain a Fourth of the whole Succeffion, that the Quality of Heir might nor be render'd wholly vain and fruitlefs.

TR.EBLE, in Mufic, the higheft or acuteft of the four Parts in Symphony, or rhat which is heard the cleareii in a Concert. See Music, Gravity, and Symphony.

In the like Senfe we fay, a Treble Violin, Treble Haut- boy, %£c. See Violin, &.

In Vocal Mufic, the Treble is ufually committed to Soys and Girls. — Their Part is the Treble. See Part.

The Treble is divided into firfl or bigbefi Treble, and fe- cond or Safe Treble. — The "half Treble is the fame with Counter-tenor. See Harmony.

TREBUCHET, Tribuch, Tribuchetum, a Tum- brel, or Cuckins-ftool. See Cucking-stool.

TREDECILE. See Aspect.

TREE, Arbor,ths firft and largeft of the vegetable Kind, confining of a tingle Trunk, our of which luring forth Branches and Leaves. See Vegetable, i£c.

Standards, or Trees in full Air, are fuch as naturally rife a great Height, and are not topp'd. - For the Choice of trees of this Kind to be tranfplanted out of a Nurfery guinteney recommends us to fuch as are ftraight, fi x Foot

high