Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/895

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120, the Diftance from the Port failed from to the Port bound for, from A to F, then is F the Port bound for ; now the Port bound for being at F, and the Ship being but at E, the Line E F meafured on the fame equal Parts that the reft was taken from, will be found to be 3 1, and the Arch T U meafured on the Chords, is 35 12', or N. E. by N. fome- what eaflerly, £$c.

This Method is ufeful, where the Courfes tend generally one way, without interfering one another; but if they often croft, 'tis belt to have recourfe to the 2d Method, which is without new Meridian.

In order to this, obferve how many Points are between the Point next to be laid down, and the Point oppofite to the Courfe laft laid down ; for that is the Point for laying down ; then, with the Chord of 60, and one Foot in the Point the Ship is laft come to, defcribe an Arch ; upon which fet off the Points found by the abovefaid Rule, and through that draw the Line for the next Courfe, &c. Foran Example 5

Draw a North and South Line, as in the former, as the Line RM, Fig. 17 ; in which affume a Point, as at A, for the Port fail'd from ; then from A fet off the firft Courfe and Diilance, viz,. N. N. W. 68, from A to B, and for the fecond Courfe, with the Chord of 60, and one Foot in B, draw the Arch T W, upon which to fet off the next Courfe S. S. W. 70, obferve the Rule above delivered, viz. To take the Number of Points between the Point oppofire to the laft Courfe failed, and the Point you are next to fail. The Reafon of which Rule is this : If from A to B your Courfe be N. N. W. the Back from B to A, muft needs be S. S E. the oppofite Point, and then if you were to fail S. by E. it muft be one Point to the Southward of that S. S. E. Line 5 if South, it is two Points, and confequently the next Courfe being S. S.W. I fet off 4 Points, upon which fet off jo Miles, from B to C, and then is your Ship at C : For the third Courfe, if from B to C be S. S. W. then from C to B N. N. E. but the next Courfe being E. half N. the Poinls between N.N. E. and E. half N. are five Points and an Half, and therefore with the Chord of 60 and one Foot in C, draw the Arch x y, upon which fet off five Points and an Half, from x toy., and through y draw the Line C D, upon which fet off 90 Miles from C to D, then is y our Ship at D. After the fame Manner lay down all the reft, as D E W.N. W. half N. 70, then E F South 25, then FG, E.half S. 4j ; thenlaflly GH, South 30, which is the laft Courfe.

Thus your Ship being at H, and the Port failed from at A, the Line AH 28 Miles, is the Diftance made good ; and the Angle at A is four Points, viz. S. E. but the Port in- tended for, being S.W. 55^. Set it from A toK, and the Ship being at FI, the Line H K, 62 Miles, is the Diftance from the Ship to the Port bound for; and the Courfe is found by meifuring the Angle at H 71 48' or W. S. W. more than a Quarter Weftcrly, &c.

To work a Traverse by the Tables of TUfference of Latitude and 'Departure.

This is the principal Ufe thofe Tables are intended for ; and the Way of working a Traverfe hereby, is equal to the belt for Exactnefs, and fuperior in Point of Expedition.

Make a little Table with fix Columns, the Firft for the Courfe, rhe Second for the Diftance, the Third for the Northing, the Fourth for the Southing, the Fifth for the Eafting, the Sixth for the Wefting. Then findthe Difference of the Latitude and the Departure to every Courfe, and fet them in their proper Columns ; as where the Courfe is Northerly, fet the Difference of the Latitude under Northing, or in the North Column 5 and where the Courfe is Southerly, fet the Difference of Latitude in the South Column.

Again, where the Courfe is Eafterly, fet the Departure in the Eaft Column, and when Wefterly, fet it in the Weft Column; then adding up each Column by itfeif, fubtract the North and S;.uth Columns, the greater from the lefler, the Remainder is the Northing or Southing made good. Alfb fubtract the Eaft and Weft Columns, the bigg'er from the leffer, the Remainder is the Bailing or Wefting made good ; then have you the Different of Latitude and Departure given, to find the Courfe and Diftance.

In the firft Example above fpecified, the firft Courfe is S. S'. E. 30 Miles, or two Points 30 Miles ; for which, I find the Difference of Latitude 27 .-7. Now the Coutfe bein" between South and Eaft, I place my Difference of Latitude in the South Column, and my Departure 11:5 in the Eaft Column, leaving the North and Weft Columns blank.

Then for the Second Courfe, N. E. by N. or three Points 40 Miles, my Difference of Latitude, 33 .-3 is to be placed in the North Column, and the Departure 22 : 2, in the Eaft Column, becaufe the Courfe is between the North and Eaft.

Then the third Courfe being E. by N. or feven Points, 25 Miles, I place my Difference of Latitude. 4:9 in the North Column, and Departure 24 : 5, in the Eaft Column.

And fo for the fourth Courfe N. N. E. or two Points 44 Miles, I place my Difference of Latitude 40 : 6, in the North Column, and my Departure, 16 : 8, in the Eaft Column ; then adding up each Column, the Sum of the Northing Column is 78 : 8, and the Sum of the South Column is 27 : 7, which fubtracted from the Northing 78 : S, the Remainder 51 : 1, is the Difference of Latitude made good, which is Northing, becaufe the Northing was the greater Number.

Again, jthe Sum of the Eafting Column is 75:0, which, becaufe there is no Wefting to fubtrafl from it, is the Eafting made good. Thus you have the Northing 5 1 : 1, and the Eafting 7J : o given, to find Courfe and Diftance ; and though you cannot find in the Table the exafl Number of 51 : 1, and 75 : o together, yet find the neareft you can, which is 75 : 4, and 50 : 9, over which at the Top, you find 34 Degrees for the Courfe, which is N. E. by N. a" 15' eafterly, and the Diftance 9 1 Miles.

TRAVESTY or Travesti, a Term which fome late Authors have introduced into Poetry. The Word is originally Frei.ch. being a Participle, of the Verb Traveftir, to d'i'fguife one's felf, or to appear in Mafquerade. Hence Travrjly comes to be applied to the disfiguring of an Author, or the Tranflating him into a Style and" Manner different from his own ; by which means it becomes difficult to knew him

G. Sattifta Lalli, has traveflicd Virgil, or turn'd him into Italian Burlefque Verfe. Scarron has done the fame in French, and Cotton and Phillip in Englifb Verfe. See Bur- lesque.

Caflalio is charged with having travejlied the Bible, by reafon of the Difference of Air and Stile between his Verfion and the Original.

TRAUMATICKS, Tf^MTna., Vulneraries; are Herbs or Drugs good for the curing of Wounds. See Vulnerary.

TRAYL-BASTON, Trail-baston (q. d. trahe ba- atlura, drag a Club or Staff 3. See Justice of Trail- bajlon.

Edward I. in his 32d Year, fent out a new Writ of Inqui- fition, called Trail-bajion, againft the Intruders on other Mens Lands, who to opprefs the right Owner, would make over their Lands to great Men ; againft Batterers hired to beat Men; Breakers of Peace; Ravifhers ; Incendiaries; Fighters 5 falfe Affifors and other Malefactors ; which In- quifition was fo ftridtjy executed, and fuch Fines taken, that it brought in a world of Treafure to the King.

TRAYTOR, Traitor, Traditor, a Betrayer of his King and Country; or one guilty of High Treafon. See Treason and Traditor. V-

TRAYTEROUS <Pofaion, is particularly underftood of a Tenet, which fome formerly held, of the Legality and Property of taking Arms by the King's Authority "againft his Perfon and thofe commiffion'd by him ; which is condemn 'd by Statute 14 Car. II. TREACLE, in Pharmacy, (ge. SccTheriaca. TREASON, Treachery; the Aft of Infidelity to one's lawful Soveraign.

Treafon, in our Laws, is of two Sorts, viz. High and 'Petty Treafon.

High Treason or Treason Paramount, is an Offence committed againft the Security of the King or Kingdom, whether by Imagination, Word or Deed. Such arc, To com- pafs or imagine the Death of the King, Q ueen or Prince j or to Defluur the King's Wife, or his 'Eldeft Daughter un- married, or his Eldeft Son's Wife ; or to levy War againft the King in his Realm ; to adhere to his Enemies ; Counterfeit his great Seal or Money ; to kill the King's Chancellor, Tteafurer, Juftices of either Eench, Juftices' in Eyre, of Aflize, or of Oyer and Terminer, being in their Place during their Office ; diminifhing or impairing current Money 5. faying that the King is a Heretic or Papift, or intends to introduce Popery, ?sc. Anno 1 3 Car. II.

'Tis a Maxim, That In majori Proditione, omnesfi/nt Trin- cifales; there are no Acceffaries in Treafon, all are Prin- cipals.

Alfo, that Voluntas mm refutabitur frofatlo, nip in cavfi Proditionis ; the Will is never taken for the Deed in any Cafe, but that of High '[reafn : Though fome High Treafous are much more Heinous than others, yet thePunifh- ment appointed by Law, is the fame in all (Clipping and Coining only excepted) which is, that the Traitor be laid upon a Hurdle or Sledge, drawn to the Gallows, there hanged, but cut down while alive, the Entrails pulled out and burnt before the Criminal's Face ; then his Head and Quarters cut off, and Impaled where the King fliall judge meet. Add to this, that he forfeits all his Lands and Goods whatever, to the King ; his Wife lofes her Dowry ; his Children their Nobility, and all Right of Inheriting.

Even an ideot or Lunatic, thouph jiidg'd incapable of moft Crimes, fliall be punifhed as a Traitor, if he go about to kill the King. For Petty Treason. See Petty. Treitfai,

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