Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/894

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Waking ; fuppofing it a Thing admitted by his Opponents, that the Stars are all alike.

TRANSUBSTANTIATION, in Theology, the Con- verfion or Change of the Subftance of the Bread and Wine, in the Eucharilt, into the Body and Blood of Jefus Chrift. See Eucharist.

Tranfiibflantiation, taken in its general and literal Senfe, implies any Change of one Subftance into another ; thus, the Change of Mofes's Rod into a Serpent ; of the Waters of the Nile into Blood ; of Lots Wife into a Pillar of Salt, were preternatural 'franfubftantiations ; and the Change of the Food we eat, into the Subftance of our Bodies, is a natu- ral Tranfubftantiation. See Substance.

But the Word in its proper Senfe, as a Term, is reftrain'd to the miraculous Change which the Romift Church holds is wrought in the Sacrament, by the Confecration of the Priefh

One of the great Articles of that Church, rejected by thie Reform 'd, is that of Tranfubftantiation ; the latter maintaining the Tranfubftautiation to be only figurative, and the former real.

The Reform'd interpret eft, is, in the Text, Hoc ell Corpus meum, This is my Body, by fignificat; q. d. this fgnifies my Body : But the Council of Trent ftand up ftrcnuoufly for the literal Senfe of the Verb ; Thus, in Can. i. Sett". 13. of that Council, 'tis exprefsiy decreed, that in Tranfubftan- tiation, the Body and Blood of our Lord Jefus Chrift are truly, really, and fttbftantially tinder the Species of Bread and Wine.

Tis added, that by truly, we mean properly, and not only by Signification, as if the Eucharift were no more than a Sign of the Body and Blood of Jefus Chrifi : That by really, we mean in Fa£t, and not only in a Figure, as if the Eucharift were only a Figure and Representation of the Body and Blood of the Saviour of the World : And that by fubftantially, we mean in Subftance, and not only in Virtue and Energy. — Thus is truly oppos'd to a Ample Sign ; really to a Figure 5 and fubftantially to Energy.

TRANSVERSALIS, in Anatomy, a Name given to feveral Mufcles, gefc. in refpect, of their Situation, 'Progrefs, £S?c as the

Transversalis Abdominis, a Mafcle which lies under the Obliqui ? and arifes from the Cartilage Xiphoides, from the Extremities of the fa He Ribs, from the Tranfverfe Apo- jjfeyfis of the Vertebras of the Loins, and hVd to the inner Wie of the Spine of the Ilium, and inferted in the Os Pubis, and Linea Alba.

This, with the Obliqui, (which fee) unites its Tendons, as it approaches the Linea Alba, and is the only Mufcle that is cut in the Operation of the Bubonocele : It has a fine and thin Membrane that cloies exactly its Ring or Hole, through which the Veflels pais.

Transversalis Colli, is a Part of the Tranfverfali's fDorji, which fome divide into three, <ui&. the Saccr, Semi- ipinatus, and c franfverfalis Colli.

It arifes from the Os Sacrum, and from all the tranfverfe Proce(Tes of the Vertebra? of the Loins, Back, and Neck, except the two firft $ and is inferted by fo many difiincl Tendons to all their fuperior Spines : It moves the whole Spine obliquely backwards.

Transversalis 'Pedis <Placentini comes from the Bone of the Metatarfus, that fuftains the Toe next the little Toe, and pairing acrofs the other Bones, is inferted into the Os Sefamoidas of the great Toe : Its Ufe is to bring all the Toes clofe to one another.

Tr.ansver.sAi.is 'Penis arifes from the Ifchium juft by the Ere&ores, and runs obliquely to the upper Part of the Bulb of the Urethra.

It helps to prefs the Veins upon the Back of the Penis, againft the Os Pubis, which is the Caufe of Erection. See Erection.

Transversalis Dorfi -> C Semispinatus.

Transversalis Lumb&rums, See <Sacer. Transversalis Femoris } I Quadratus.

Transversalis is alfo a Name given to a Suture of the Cranium, becaufe of its traverfing or crofling the Face from one Side to t'other. See Suture.

It arifes at one of the leffer Angles of the Eye, and parting along the Bottom of its Orbit, and the Root of its Nofe, ter- minates in the other leffer Angle.

TRANSVERSE, fomething that goes acrofs from Right to Left, or from Corner to Corner.

Thus Bends and Bars in Heraldry arc tranfverfe Pieces or Bearings. See Bend.

The Diagonals of a Paralelogram or a Square are tranfverfe Lines. See Diagonal.

Lines which make Interferons with Perpendiculars, are alfo call'd oblique or tranfverfe Lines. See Line, Perpen- dicular, Oci-iquE, fife.

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Transverse Axis, or Wameter, call'd alfo the firft or j>rmcij>ai Axis. See Axis and Latus Tranfaerfum. " _It>e Tranfverfe A»ii of anEUiffis, is the longer Axis, .or that which traverfes it lengthwife, in contra-dirtincKon to the Conjugate one. See Ellipsis and Coni.ug «e.

The -franfverje Axis of an Hyperbola, is the Line D K, 1 ab. Comets, Pig. , 7 . cutting the Curve in the Points D and K. See Hvpermla.

Transverse Mufcles, in Anatomy, are certain Mufcles anting from the tratjberfe Proceffes of the "Vertebra; of the Loins. See Vertebra and Loins.

TRANTERY, in fome Cuftoms, is the Money arifing by Amerciaments of Ale-fellers and Victuallers, for breaking the Affize of Bread and Ale. See Assize.

Particularly at Luflov, and other Manors in Herefor.lJIrire.

TRAVERSE or Transverse, fomething that goes athwart another, i. e. croflis and cuts it obliquely. See Tr ansverse.

Traverse is particularly ufed for a Piece of Wood or Iron placed tranfverfely, to llrengthen and fortify another. Such are thofe ufed in Gates, Windows, (yc.

To plane a Board againft the Grain, is alfo call'd among Joiners, igc. to Traverje it.

Traverse, in Gunnery, fignifies to turn or point a Piece of Ordnance which Way one pleafes, upon her Platform. See Ordnance, Cannon, ?Jic.

The laying and removing a Piece of Ordnance or a great Gun, in order to bring it to bear, or lie level with the Mark j is alfo called Traverfmg the 'Piece. See Gunnery, S?c. is fometin

Tra

Herald:

fometimes alfo ufed in ry, for a Partition of an Efcutcheon,

of the Figure adjoining, which they Blazon parted per $al 'fraverfe, Argent and Gules.

Traverse, in Navigation, is the Varia- tion or Alteration of a Ship's Courfe, occa- fion'd by the (hifting of the Winds, Cur- rents, £sfc See Course.

Traverfe Sailing, is ufed when a Ship having fet Sail from one Port, towards another, whofe Courfe and Diftance from the Port fail'd from, is given or known, is, by reafon of contrary Winds, or other Accidents, forced to fliift and fail on feveral Courfes, which are to be brought into one Courfe, to learn, afterfo many Turnings and Windings, the true Courfe and Diftance made from the Place fail'd from, and the true Point or Place where the Ship is ; that fo the Wind comino fair, it may be known how to fhape a Courfe for the Place intended. See Sailing.

This may be perform'd Geometrically two Ways : The Firft, by drawing new Meridians, through the Extremity of every Courfe, parallel to the firft Meridian, or North and South Lines at firft made : and fetting off every Courfe with a Sweep of 60, as if it were a Que'ftion in Plain Sailing. You. may alfo let fall Perpendiculars to every new Meridian, from the Point that the Ship fail'd to upon that Courfe, by which you have the Courfe, Diftance, Difference of Latitude and Departure to every Courfe. To Illufirate this by an Ex- ample: A Ship being bound for a Port diftant 120 Miles N. E. ; E. fails S. S. E. 50 Miles, then N. E. by N. 40, then E. by N. 25, thenN. N. E. 44; 'tis requir'd to find the Courfe and Diftance made good, and alfo the Courfe and Diftance to the Port bound for.

Draw the Line HK (Tab. Navigation, Fig. 17.) at plea- fure, for a Meridian, or North and South Line, and therein affume a Point, as at A, for the Port fail'd from ; then with 60 of the Chords, and one Foot in A, draw the Arch L m, upon which fet off two Points (becaufe the Courfe is S.S. E.J from L to m, and draw the Line A m, upon which fet off the Diftance 30, from A to B ; then is the Ship at B : Thus letting fall the Perpendicular B K, A K 27 7' is the Diffe- rence of Latitude, and BKn" 5', the Departure for the firft Courfe.

For the fecond Courfe, with the Diftance KB, draw the Parallel BN, and thereby with the Chord of 60, as before, fet off the Second Courfe and Diftance, N. E. by N. 40, from BtoC, and let fall the Perpendicular C L, then is the Ship at C, the Difference of Latitude upon that Courfe is EL 33 ; 3, and Departure CL 22 : 2.

Proceed in the fame manner for the third Courfe, with the Parallel C O, fet off E. by N. 25, from C to D, and draw the Line DP, from which fet off the laft Courfe, N. N. E. 44, then-is your Ship at E.

Since, then, the Ship came from A, and is now at E, the Line AE meafured on the fame equal Parts, upon which all the other Diftances were taken, will be found 9 1 Miles, and the Arch R Q_ meafured on the Rhumbs, five Points, 5>». N. E. by E. fo that theShip is now 91 Miles N. E. by E. from the Port failed from.

To find her Courfe and Diftance to the Port bound for, fet

off 4 half Points upon the Arch R Q_ from R to S, and

from A through S draw the Line ASF; upon which fet off

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