Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/886

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TRABEATION, in the ancient Architeaure, the fame with Entablature. See Entablature.

It confitts of three principal Members or Divifions, viz. the Architrave, Freeze, and Cornice ; each of which confifts of divers leffer Members and Ornaments. See Architrave* Freeze, 0£g.

The Proportion, Members, Jjfe, are different in the fe- deral Orders. See Order ; fee alfo each Order apart, Tuscan, Doric, &c.

TRACE, a Mark or Impreffion which any thing leaves behind it in paffing over another.

Traces of the "Brain, among the Cartefian Philofophers, are thofe Impreflions, more or lefs deep, which ienfible Ob- jects make on the fine Fibres of the Brain, by means of the Organs of Senfe. See Brain.

Thele Impreflions are alfo call'd Traces of the Object ; The Courfe of the Animal Spirits ferves to keep them up, and to renew them. See Spirit.

The Vivacity of the Imagination arifes from the prodigi- ous Quantity of Traces of different Objects in the Brain, which are fo link'd together, that the Spirits cannot be fent into one of them, but they run into all the reft ; by which Means the Ideas occafion'd by the Application of the Spirits to thofe feveral Traces, are all excited, as it were, at once. See Imagination.

Memory, according to the fame, confifts in the Traces which the Animal Spirits have imprels'd. See Memory, Habitude, ££c.

Trace of a Hare, among Hunters, is her Footing in the Snow; diftinct from her other Treadings, call'd ^Doubling aaifricking, &c.

Traces are alfo the Tracls of ravenous Beafts, as Wolves, wild Bears, &c.

TRACHEA, in Anatomy, a large Artery, call'd alfo Jfi fera Arteria, and popularly the Wind-pipe ; being the Canal or Tube which carries the Air into the Lungs, for the Ufe of Refpiration and Speech. See Respiration and Voice.

It is compos'd wholly of Cartilages, Membranes, little Veins, Arteries, and Nerves : Galen gave it the Name Trachea, r^x^a., becaufe of its being rough and uneven ; on which Account the Latins alfo call'd it Afpera.

The Head or Cover of the Trachea Arteria is call'd the Larynx. See Larynx.

Its Cartilages are in Form of Rings, flat on one Side, and not fini filing the whole Circle, but representing the Figure of an ancient Greek Sigma, whence they are call'd Sigmoides. See Aspera.

In the Thilofophical Tranfa&ions, is a Letter by Mr. John Keen, recommending the more frequent Ufe of Laringoto- my, or Opening of the Wind-pipe upon preffing Occations ; which he urges from a remarkable Cafe of a Peribn who had the Trachea, or Wind pipe, cut quite thro' beneath the Po- mum Adami, cur'd by ftitching the Wound, and ufing pro- per Medicines. See Laryngotomy.

TRACHOMA, in Medicine, a Roughnefs or Afperity of the inner Part of the Palpebral ; attended with an Itching, Rednefs, and frequently vvith Puftles, refembling Millet- Seeds.

Its Degrees are the Sycofis and Tylofis. See Sycosis, (gc. '

TRACT, from the Latin, Tra&us, properly denotes an Extent of Ground, or a Portion of the Surface of the terra- queous Globe. See Terraqueous, &c.

Tract, or Tractate, from the Saxon, Traht, or the Latin, TraRatus, does alfo fignify a fmall Treatife, or writ- ten Difcourfe, upon any Subject. See Treatise.

Tract, in Hunting, denotes the Trace or Footing of a wild Bead.

, TRACTION, drawing, the Action of a moving Power whereby the Moveable is brought nearer to the Mover; call'd alio Attraction. See Attraction.

TRACTRIX, in Geometry, a Curve Line ; call'd alfo Catenaria. See Catenaria.

TRADE, Traffic, Commerce, the negotiating, buying, felling, exchanging, igc. of Commodities, Bills, Money, He.

For the Origin, Progrefs, JrJc. of Trade. See Com- merce and Navigation.

Trade-wiWj, are certain regular Winds at Sea, blowing either conftancly the fame Way, or alternately this way and that ; thus call'd from their great Ufe in Navigation and the Indian Commerce.

The Trade-winds are of different Kinds ; fome blowing three or fix Months of the Year one Way, and then the like Space of Time the oppnfite Way ; very common in the Indian Seas, and call'd Manfoons. See Monsoon.

Others blow conflintly the fame Way : fuch is that gene- ral Wind between the Tropicks, which off at Sea is found to blow all Day long from Eaft to Weft.

For the •Pbaao/iiem of each, -with their Thyfical Caufes, fee Wind.

Dr. Lifter has a Conjecture in the <Philofophical TranfaBi- ons, that the Tropical, or Trade-winds, arile, in great Part, from the daily and conitant Bteath of a Sea Plant, call'd the Sargcffa, or Lenticv.la Marina, which grows in vaft Quantities from 36" to 18 North Latitude, or elfewhere up- on the deepeft Seas For the Matter of Wind coming

from the Breath of one only Plant, muft needs be conftanr and uniform ; whereas the great Vatiety of Trees and Plants at Land, furnifhes a confus'd Matter of Winds. Hence, he adds, it is, that thefe Winds are brisked: about Noon; the Sun quickening the Plant mod then, and caufing it to breathe faffer, and mote vigoroufly. Lailly, the Di- rection of this Wind from Eaft to Weft, he attributes to the general Current of the Sea ; for a gentle Air is obferv'd to be conftantly led along with the Stream of a River : T<foi; muft it be omitted, that every Plant is, in fome Meafure, a Heliotrope, and bends itfelf, and moves after the Sun, and consequently emits its Vapour thitherward ; fo that the Di- rection of the Trade-wind is, in fome meafure, alfo owing to the Courfe of the Sun.

Dr. Gordon has another Hypothefis : The Atmofphere, which fiirrounds the Earth, and moves along with it in its Diurnal Motion, he fuppofes to keep Pace therewith ; that Part of it, atleaft, which is near the Eatth ; if the remoter Part fhould be judg'd to lole Ground.

If then there were no Changes in the Atmofphere's Gravi- ty, he iiippoles it would always go along with the Earth from Weft to Eaft in an uniform Motion, altogether infenfi- ble to us : But the Portion of the Atmofphere under the Line being extremely rarify'd, its Spring expanded, and fo its Gravity and Preffure much lefs than the neighbouring Parts of the Atmofphere ; it is incapable of the uniform Motion towards the Eaft, and muft therefore be prefs'd Weftwards, and make the continual Breeze from Eaft to Weft, between the Tropicks.

TRADITION, the A3 of delivering a Thing into the Hands of another.

The Sale of a Moveable is compleated by a fimple Tradi- tion. See Li very.

Tradition, in Matters of Religion, is apply'd to thofe Laws, Doctrines, Relations, $$c. which have been handed down to us from our Fore-fathers, without being written.

Taking Tradition in this Senfe, for every thing relating to Faith, or the Rites and Ceremonies of Religion thus deriv'd down to us from the Primitive Church, there are two Kinds, vis. Apoftolical and Ecckfiaftical Tradition.

Apoftolical Tradition, which is what we properly call Tra- dition, is defin'd by the Romanifls, to be the unwritten Word of God, defcended from the Apoliles to us, thro' a continual Succeflion of the Faithful.

By this Tradition, fay they, it is that the Holy Scriptures have been kept entire, both as to the Letter, ('. e. the Text, and as to the Spirit or Senfe thereof: This Tradition, the Council of Trent declares to have the fame Authority with the Holy Scripture itfelf; and pronounces every one who re- jects it a Heretic.

Eccle(iaftical Traditions, are certain Statutes and Regula- tions regarding the Rites, Cuftoms, and Circumftances of Religion, introdue'd fince the Time of the Apoftles, by Councils, Popes, &c. and continu'd to our Time thro' a con- flant Oblervance of the Church.

The Romanics make another Divifion of Tradition, viz. into Written and Unwritten.

Written Tradition, is that whereof we find fome Traces in the ancient Fathers and Docfors.

Unwritten Tradition, is that whereof we find no Signs or Footfteps in any of the Fathers extant.

The Church of Rome pretends to be the Depofitary of each Kind : Tradition, (he holds to be abfolutely neceffary in the Church ; grounding this Neceffity on the Promife of Infallibility which Jefus Chrift is pretended to have made her.

Yet others of that Communion deny Tradition, how ex- cellent foever it may be for the Reclaiming of Hereticks, to be abfolutely neceffary ; maintaining, that the Church would not be lefs infallible, nor lels the Rule of Docirine, £#. if the Fathers had never wrote at all.

TRADITIONARY, Traditionarius, a Name given among the Jews, to fuch of them as acknowledge Tradition, follow it, and explain the Scriptures thereby ; in Oppofition to the Caraites, who refufe any thing but the pure Scriptures themfelves. See Caraite.

The Traditionaries are what we more ufually call Rabbins, or Talmudifts. See Rabbin and Talmud.

Hillel fhone among the Traditionaries, and Schammai among the Textuaries. See Textuary.

TRADITORES, a Name given in the firft Ages of the Church, to fuch Chriftians, as, in Times of Perfi-cution, to avoid Death and Martyrdom, deliver'd up the facrcd Writ- ings to the Perfecutors.

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