Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/877

 T I T

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T I T

Body, upon a nervous Part ; and which ufually tends to pro- duce Laughter. See Laughter.

The Word is Latin, Titillatio, fignifying the fame Thing.

TITLE, Titiilus, an Inscription put over any thing, to make it known. See Inscription.

The Word is particularly ufed for that in the firft Page of a Book, containing the Subject thereof, the Author's Name,

What tortures abundance of Authors, is to find fpecious Titles for their Books ; A Title iliould be fimple, and yet clear : Thefe are the two genuine Characters of this kind of Compofition. AfTuming Titles are a Prevention againft the Author.

The French are much addicted to Fanfaronnades in their Titles ; Witnefs that of M. le 'Pay's Amitiez, Amours, Amourettes ; or that Improvement hereon, Fleurs, Fleurons, Flenrettes, &c.

Title, Tituhis, in the Civil and Canon Law, is a Chapter or Divifion of a Rook. See Chapter, tSc.

A Title is fubdivided into Paragraphs, &6. See Para- graph, &G.

Each of the 50 Books of the Digeft coniifls of a Num- ber of Titles 5 fome of more, others of left. See Dicest.

Title is alfo an Appellation ofDignity, Diftinclion or Pre- eminence^ given toPerfonspofiefs'dofthefamc. SccDignity.

The Titles of Order or Dignity, Foyfeau obferves, fhould always come immediately after the Name, and before the Titles of Office.

The King of Spain has a whole Page of Titles, to ex- prefs the feveral Kingdoms, and Signiorics he is Matter of. The King of England takes the Title of King of Great 'Britain, France and. Ireland : The King of France, the Title of King of France and Navarre : The King of Sweden- entitles himfelf King of the Stvedes and Goths • The King of IDenmarki King of Denmark and Norway : The King of Sardinia, among his Titles, takes that of King of Cyprus and Jerusalem • The Duke of Terrain, the Title of King of Jerufalem, Sicily, tfc. See Kin c, &c. See alfo the follow- ing Article.

The Cardinals take a Title from that of fome Church in Rome-, as of St. Cecilia, St. Sabina, &c. and they are call'd Cardinals of the Title of 'St. Cecilia, $$c. See Cardinal.

The Emperor can confer the Title of Prince or Count of the Empire 5 but the Right of Suffrage in AfTembiies of the Empire, depends en the Content of the Eftates. See Empire.

The Romans gave their Set-to's the Titles of Africanus, AfiatictiS) {$c. and to others, they gave thofe of Macedonian, Numidiens, Creticus, c Parthicus, Dacici's, gfc. in Memory of the Victories obtained over the People fo call'd. The King of Spain, after the like manner, gives honourable Titles to his Cities, in Recompcnce for their Services, or their Fidelity.

Title is alfo a certain Quality ateribed in way of Refpecl to certain Princes, &c. See Quality.

The Pope has the Title of Holinefs ; A Cardinal Prince of the Blood, that of Royal Highnefs or Mofl ferene Highnefs, according to his Ncarncfs to the Throne ; other Cardinal Princes, Mofi Eminent Highnefs ; an Archbifhop, Grace, and Mofl Reverend, 2. Bifhop, Right Reverend $ Abbots, Priefts, Religious, &fc. Reverend, See Holiness, Eminence, Grace, Reverence, £jfo See alfo Pope, Cardinal,

A-S to tecular Powers, to the Emperor is given the Title of Imperial Ma]efy 5 to Kings, Majefly* to the King of France, Mofi Chriflian Majefiy ; to the King of Spain, Catholic Ma- jefly : The Italians give the King ot "Poland that of Orthodox Majefly ; to the King of England, is given 'Defender of the Faith ; to the 7urk,Grand Siguier, and Highnefs; to the Prince of Wales, Royal Highnefs ; to the Dauphin of .France, Serene Highnefs ; to Electors, Eletloral Highnefs ; to the Grand Duke, Mofl Serene Highnefs ; to the other Princes of Italy and Germany, Highnefs ; to the Doge of Venice, Mofi Serene 'Prince; to the Republic or Senate of Venice, Signory ; to the Grand Matter of Malta, Eminence ; to Nuncio's and Embafl'idors of Crown'd Heads, Excellency. See Empe- ror, King, Prince, Duke, ££r. fee alfo Highness, Serenity, Eminence, Excellency, £S?c.

The Emperor of China among his Titles, takes that of Tienfu, Son of Heaven.

The Orientals are exceedingly fond of a Number of 'Titles : The fimple Governor of Schiras, for Inftance, after a pom- pous Enumeration of Qualities, Lordfhips, &c. adds the Titles of Flower of Cotmefy ; Nutmeg of Confolation, and Rofecf Delight.

Title, in Law, is a Right which a Pcrfon has to the Pofteflion of any thing. See Right.

It is alfo an authentic Inftrument, whereby he can prove, and make appear his Right.

A Prescription of Twenty Years, with a Title, is good • £nd of Thirty without a Title. See Prescription.

There muft heat leaft a colour'd Title, to come into Poftef- fion of a Benefice ; other wife the Pcrfon is deem'd an In- truder. See Benefice.

Title, in the Canon Law, is that by Virtue whereof a. Beneficiary holds a Benefice ; fuch is a Collation of an Ordi- nary, or a Provifion in the Court of Rome founded on a Re- fignation, Permutation or other legal Caufe.

The Title of a Benefice, or Beneficiary, is either a True or a Colourable one : A True or Valid Title, is that which gives a Right to the Benefice ; fuch is that given by a Collator who has a Right to confer the Benefice to a Perfon capable thereof, the ufual Solemnities being obferv'd. See Col- lator, £5?c.

A colourable Title is an apparent one, i. e. fuch a one as appears Valid, and is not. Such wou'd that be rounded on the Collation of a Bifhop, in Cate the Benefice in Qucftion were not in his Collation.

By the Canons, a colourable Title, though talfe, produces two very considerable Effects. i° That after peaceable Poflef- fion of three Years, the Incumbent may deiend himfelf by the Rule de Triennali c PcffeJfione? againft, fuch as would di£ pute the Benefice with him. 2 That in Cafe he be pro- fecuted within three Years, and obliged to furrender the Bene- fice ; he fhall not be obliged to reftore the Fruits.

Title is alfo ufed in feveral ancient Synods and Councils, for the Church to which a Prieft was ordained, and where he was constantly to refide, Nullus in 'Presbytertum, nullus in Diaconum, aifi ad certum Titulum Ordinetur. Condi. London. An. 1 125.

There are many Reafbns why a Church might be call'd Tituhis, Title; the moft probable, CofWel takes to be this, That in ancient Days, the Name of the Saint, to whom the Church was dedicated, was engraven on the Porch, as a Token that the Saint had a Title to that Church ; whence the Church ittelf became afterwards call'd Tituhis. See Clerical Title.

Titles, or Titular Churches, M. Fleury obferves, were formerly a particular Kind of Churches at Rome. See Church.

In the VI. and VII. Centuries, there were four Sorts of Churches in that Metropolis, viz. (Patriarchal, Titular, Diaconal and Oratorial. ■

The Tituli, Titular, were, as it were, Parifhes, each affigned to a Cardinal Prieft, with a certain Diftrict or Quar- ter depending thereon, and a Font for the Adminiftration of Baptifm, in Cafe of Neceffity. See Quarter, Cardi- nal, £5^.

Clerical or Sacerdotal Title, is a yearly Revenue or In- come, of the Value of 50 Crowns, which the Candidates for Priefthood were anciently obliged to have of their own 5 that they might be afTured ot a Subfiftance. See Ordination

By the ancient Difcipline, there were no Clerks made, but in Proportion as they were wanted for the Service of the Church ; which is mil obterved with regard to Bi/hops ; none being contecrated, but to fill fbme vacant See. See Bishop, Priest, &c.

But, for Priefts, and other Clerks, they began to make vague Ordinations in the Eafi, as early as the Vth Century : • This occafion'd the Council of Chalcedon to declare all vague and abfolute Ordinations null.

Accordingly, the Difcipline was pretty well obterved, till to- wards the End of the Xlth Century; but then it began to re- lax, and the Number of Priefts was exceedingly increated y either becaufe the People became defirous of the Privileges of the Clericate ; or becaufe the Bifhops fought to extend their Jurifdi&ion.

One of the great Inconveniencies of thefe vague Ordinations, was Poverty, which frequently reduced the Priefts to fordid Occupations, and even to a fhameful Begging. To remedy this, the Council of the Lateran, laid it on the Bifhops, to provide for the Subfiftance of fuch as they fhould Ordain without Title, till fuch time as they had got a Place in the Church, that would afford them a fettled Maintenance.

There was alfo another Expedient found out to elude the Canon of the Council of Chalcedon 5 and it was appointed, that a Prieft might be ordained on the Title of his Patrimony : That is, it was not neceffary he had any certain Place in the Church, provided he had a Patrimony fuiheient for a credita- ble Subfiftance.

The Council of Trent retrieved the ancient Difcipline in this refpeci ; forbidding all Ordinations, where the Candi- date was not in peaceable Pofleffion of a Benefice fufficient to fubfift him 5 and allowing no Body to be ordained on Patrimony or Penfion, unlefs where the Bifhops declare it to be expedient for the Good of the Church : So that the Benefice is the Rule, and the Patrimony the Exception.

But this Rule is not regarded, even in fome Catholic Countries, particularly Frame, where the Patrimonial Title is the moft frequent ; and the Title is even fix'd to a very moderate Sum 5 about 3 /. 155. per Annum Sterling. In- deed at 'Paris, and in fome other Diocetes 150 Livres are required.

As to Religious, the Profeffion they make in a Monaftery ferves them for a Title $ in regard the Convent is obliged to

maintain