Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/875

 TIT

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T I T

live Coal, at the two Sides whereof two Men are plac'd, who hold up the Sheets over the Fire to heat ; and the 2V«-leaves being laid over them, as fall as the Sheets grow hot, and the tin melts, they fix it on by rubbing and fttetching it with Tow and Rofin. See Plumbery.

TINNITUS Juris, 'Tingling of the Ear, a Difcafe pretty frequent in the Ear, confifting in the Perception of a Sound which is not, or, at leaft, which is not external.

This Perception is occalion'd by the beating of an Artery in the Ear, by an Inflammation, or Abfcefs of the Tympanum or Labyrinth, by the Admiffion of foreign Bodies, by Commo- tions of the Cranium, Blows on the Ear, S?c. Extraordinary and irregular Motions of the Animal Spirits are alio found to occafion the tinnitus, as we find in Deliriums, Phrenfies, Vertigos, £=Jc. The Tingling of the Ear is one of the Di- agnoftic Signs of the Plague. >

TiS-ftaves, or Saftons, are the Wardens of the Fleet, s Officers, attending the King's Courts, with a painted Staff, for the taking into Cuflody fuch Perfons as are committed by the Court ; and to attend fuch Prifoners as go at large by Licence. SccBaston.

By this Name alfo are the Judges Officers call'd, who car- ry a Rod, or Staff, tip'd with Silver, and take Charge of fuch Prifoners, as are either committed or turn'd over at the Judge's Chambers. See Verge.

TIRE, or, as the Seamen pronounce it, Teer, of Guns, is a Rank of Guns plac'd along upon a Ship's Side, either above upon Deck, or below 5 the former of which are call'd the upper tire, the latter the lower tire. See Ship.

TITANS, in the ancient Mythology, the Sons of Uranius, or Cains, and Vefta, i. e. of Heaven and Earth, according to Hefiod and Apoilodorus ; or, which comes to the fame Thing, of A£ther and Earth, according to Hyginus.

Apoilodorus reckons five Titans, Oceanus, Corns, Hyperion, Crms, and Japetus ; all elder Brothers of Saturn : Hyginus reckons fix, all, except Hyperion, different from the former ; their Names, Sriareus, Gyges, Steropes, Atlas, Hyperion, and c Ptolus ; but he feems to include the hundred -handed Giants in the Number, which Apoilodorus, and the Genera- lity of Mythologies, diilinguifli from the titans.

Ccelus, by the fame Wife, Vefta, had Sriareus, Gyges, and Cottus, the hundred-handed Giants, and had chain'd them up mtartams: Vefta, the Earth, their Mother, relenting this Treatment, rais'd the titans againft their Father, her Huf- band : All, excepting Oceanus, made War upon him, and dethron'd him, letting up Saturn in his Place.

Saturn, it leems, prov'd no more favourable to them than his Father ; but continu'd the Giants in their Prifon.

Upon this, Jupiter revolted againft Saturn ; lerving him as he had done Coins ; and refcu'd the three Giants ; who afterwards prov'd of great Service to him in the War the titans wag'd againft him.

This War lafted ten Years ; but at length the titans were vanquifh'd ; Jupiter remain'd in peaceable Poffeffion of Hea- ven, and the titans were bury'd under huge Mountains thrown on their Heads. . ,

Ilyginus gives another Origin of the titans: He derives em Irom titan, Saturn's elder Brother, by Callus and Vefta ■ who, tho' preemptive Heir of Heaven, yet finding his Father and Mother more inclin'd for Saturn than him, furrenderd to him his Right of Succeffion, on Condition he fhould not bring up any Male Child, that the Empire of Heaven might revert to his own Iflue the titans.

But Jupiter, Neptune, and Tluto having been afterwards fav'd by the Artifice of Ops ; titan and his Sons, the titans, made War on Saturn, vanquifh'd, and imprifon'd him : Thus he continu'd in the Power of his Enemies, till Jupiter being grown up, made War on the titans, and dehver'd his Father. ,.

F. Tezron, in his Antiquity of the Celtce, makes them the fame with the titans in Mythology ; and their Princes the fame with the Giants in Scripture : He adds, that the Word titan is perfeft Celtic, and derives it from tit, Earth, and Den or ten. Men : And hence the Greeks call them very properly rirji'A, q. d. terrigencc, Earth-born.

The Word titan is alio us'd by the Poets for the Sun ; in which Cale it is likewife Celtic ; only of another Etymolo- gy, being form'd from ti, Houle, or Habitation, and tan,

Hefycbius obferves, that the Word titan is likewife us'd for Sodomite : He adds, further, that 'tis one of the Names of Antichrift ; in which Senlb it muft be wrote ttitan in Greek to contain the Numeral Letters of 666 ; which in the Apocalypfe xiii. 18. is the Number of the Beaft.

TITE, or Tight : The Seamen fay a Ship is tite, when fhe is fo ttaunch as to let in but very little Water. This is known by the Smell of the Water pump'd out ; for if She let in little, it will always ftink ; otherwife nor.

TITHES, or Tyths, Tenths, Decimtf, Dixmes, the tenth Part of all Fruits, both Prajdial, Perlonal, and Mix'd ; allotted to the Clergy for their Maintenance. See FauiT, Ciergy, £&.

Of tithes there are three Kinds, viz-. I'.terfondl tithes i which are rholc due or accruing from the Profiis of Labour; Art, trade, Navigation, and Iniuftry of Man. See Per- sonal.

2°. triedial tithes, which arife either from the Fruits of the Ground ; as Corn, Hay, Underwood, Flax, Hemp, &c. or from the Fruits of Trees ; as Apples, tears, 'tiumbs, Cherries ; or from the Fruits of Gardens. Sec Predial.

3°. Alixt tithes, which are fuch as ar;fe fromBeails, and other Animals fed with the Fruits of the Earth ; as Cheefe, Milk, IVooll, Lambs, Calves, Folds, &c. See Mixt.

tnedial tithes, again, are eirher great or f,.a.i : The great Tithes are rhoi'e of Corn, Hay, and Wood ; fmall tithes are thofe of Flax, iSc which are pnedial ; and thole of Wooll, Milk, Cheefe, Lambs, Ferrers, &c. which are niix'd. See Parson, Rector, Vicar, &c.

The Cuilom of giving or paying tithe is very ancient : In Gen. xiv. 2. Abraham gives Abimtlech the Tenth of all the Spoils he had taken frcm the four Kings he had defeated : In Gen. xxviii. 22. Jaccb makes a Vow at 'Bethel, to give the Tenth of all the 'Riches he lhall gather in that Sojourn, to God.

But thefe tithes were free and voluntary; and, befide, difter'd in divers other Refpects from what was afterwards call'd tithes : What Melchifedech receiv'd, was only the Tenth of the Spoils, not of Abraham's Poffcffions ; and this once, not annually ; and befide, not as Maintenance, which Melchifcdech wanted not, but as Homage: Add, that this was only from one Priell to another ; tor Abraham had not only a Prieft in his Loins, but was a Priell himlelf. — And as to Jacob, who was alio a Priell, what he did was the Effecf of a Vow, voluntarily raken, to offer the Tenth of all he mould poffefs ; not to any other Priell, but to God himfelf upon an Altar.

tithe was firft legally enjoin'd by Mofes, Exod. xii. Lev. xxvii. 30. ttiwnh. xviii. 21. t)eiit. xiv.

That Legiftator oblig'd the Jfraelites to ieveral Kinds of tithes; as, i°. The f.rft tithe, ptnisnm "w a, which was a tithe of all rhe Fruits, given to the L.evites : This was not taken till after the Oblation call'd nonn had been made. See Levite.

2 . The fecond tithe was a tenth Parr of the nine re- maining after Paymenr of the firft tithe This tttbe was let aparr in each Family ; and the Malter of the Family was. oblig'd to carry ir to Jerusalem, and to fpend it there ; or, in Cafe he could not, he was to redeem ir, or convert it into Money, in which Cafe he was to add a Fifth to ir, and carry the Money to Jerufalem. The Rabbins fay, that if he did not redeem it himlelf, that is, if he did not iubftirute his own Money in lieu of it, but (old it to another, he was only requir'd to carry the bare Price to Jerufalem, without any Addition.

3=. The tithe of the tithe, was the tenth Part of all the tithes that had been given the Levites by rhe People ; for the Levites, after they had got all their Tithes of the People, di- vided it into ten Parts ; and in their Turn, gave a tithe to the Priefls.

This tithe the Rabbins call iuiy):rv:nn, the Oblation of the titb, or iwyB.-rran wye, tithe of tithe, or £3 tt; -ipo qi "luiytj, the tithe of fancfify'd Things. — And this the Levites were oblig'd to carry to the Temple; the reft was. relerv'd for their own Subfiftence.

4 . the tithe of the third Tear, was another Kind of tithe, nor much different from rhe fecond tithe, excepting that it was lefs troublefome, by Realbn they were nor oblig'd to carry it to Jerufalem, Every feventh Year God appointed the Ground fliould lie and reft, nor mould the Owners even gather the Fruits which it produe'd fpontaneoufly : That Year, rherefore, they paid no tithe, but only the fix pre- ceding ones. See Sabbath.

Now, every third of thefe fix Years, i. e. on rhe third, and the fixth, they rais'd, as uiually, the firft tithe ; and after that a fecond. - - But this fecond they did not carry to Jerufalem either in Kind or in Money ; bur kepr it by them to be ipent by the Levites, the Strangers, the Fatherlefs, and the Widows of the Place, t)eut. xiv. 28, 29.

This was alfo call'd the tithe of the 'Poor, and the third tithe; and thefe third Years it was paid on, were call'd the tithe- Years.

AH thefe tithes amounted to above one Sixth of the Re- venue of each Perlon : For if, for Inftance, a Mailer of a Family reap'd 6000 Meafures of Whear, and 100 were firft; taken away for the firft Fruits or Oblation, he had only 5900 left : From this 5900, taking away the firft tithe, rhere remain'd 5310, the Tenth whereof is 531 ; which being taken, leaves 4779 for rhe Proprietor; who, confe- quently, has given 1121, viz. 121 more than a Sixth of the whole.

Of the 590 which the Levites receiv'd for the firft tithe, 59 wenr to the Prieft for rhe tithe of tithes ; fo thar they were left 534 for their own Subfiftence, and that of their Families,

Thefe