Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/858

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In this Senfe, the French fay, proverbially, Glofe dVrleans fins obfcure que ie Texte.

The Spaniards give the Name Text to a kind of little Poem or Set of Verfes, placed at the Head of a Glofs, and making the Subject thereof 5 each Verfe being explained, one after another in theCourfb of the Glofs. See Gloss.

In ancient Authors, 'Text is appropriated to the Ne-'J) Tefta- ment, by way of Eminence ; it was written in gold Letters, and carefully preferved in the Churches.

Codex atirato confeptus Grammate % Scriptus AuBus Fvangelkum confervat cohere Textum.

TEXTUARIES, Textuarh, a Name given the Sect

of the Caraites, among the Jews. See Caraites.

Hinel fiione among the Traditionaries ; and Schammai among the Textuaries. See Traditionary.

The Civil and Canon Lawyers, fometimes alfo call a Book containing the bare Text, without any Glofs or Commentary, a Texwary.

Text us Rqffenfis, is an ancient Manufcripr, containing the Laws of* Ethelbert, Flothere, Eadric and Withred Kings of Kenty collected by Eardulf, the venerable Bifhop of Rcchefier, about the Year 760. See Law.

TEXTURE, Textura, properly denotes the Ar- rangement and Cohcfion of feveraj ilender Bodies or Threads, interwove, or intangled among each other ; as in the Webs of Spiders, cr in Cloths, Stuffs, i^c. See Web and Weaving.

The Word is Latin, form'd of Texo, I weave.

The Word is alfo ufed not only of Threads, but for any Union or Cohefion of the constituent Particles of a concrete Body ; whether by weaving, hooking, knitting, tying, chain- ing, indenting, intruding, compreffing, attracting, or any other way. See Cohesion, Particle, Body, &c.

In this Senfe, we lay a clofe, compact Texture ; a lax, porous Texture 3 a regular, or irregular Texture, $£c. See roRE, Rarefaction, Condensation, £5tr.

A great deal depends on the Texture of the Component Tarts ot a Body ; hence moft of its particular Properties, its jfpecific Gravity, Colour, Z$c. See Colour, t£c.

THABOR1TES, or Taborites, a Branch of the ancient Hufjites. See Hussite.

The Huffites, towards the Clofe of the XVth Century, di- viding into Several Parties ;one of them retired to a little Moun- tain or Rock, Situate in Bohemia, 15 Leagues from 'Prague, and there put themfelves under the Conduct of "Zifca : Build- ing themfclvcs a Fort or Caftle, which they call'd Thabor, either from the general Word Thabor, which in the Sclavonic Language Signifies Caftle 5 or from the Mountain Thabor, men- tion d in Scripture : And hence they became denominated Thaborites.

Thefe carried the Point of the Reformation further than Has has done ; rejected Purgatory, Auricular ConfeSBon, the Unction at Baptifm, Tranfubftantiation, ££?<;.

They reduced the Seven Sacraments of theRomanifis to Four, SJ/2J. Baptifm, the Eucharift, Marriage and Ordination-

They maintain'd a flout War with the Emperor Sigifmund. Pope Martin V. was obliged to publish a Croifade againft. them. Nor did thisfucceed: At length, however, in 1544) their Caftle of Thabor was taken, and they difperfed.

THALAMI Nervorum Optimum, in Anatomy, two oblong Prominences, of the lateral Ventricles of the Brain; Medullary without, but a little Cineritious within. See Brain.

They are thus call'd, becaufe the Optic Nerves rife out of them. See Optic.

THANE or Twain, Thanus, the Name of an an- cient Dignity among the Unglift, or Anglo-Saxons. See Nobility.

Skene makes Thane to be a Dignity equal With that of the Son of an Earl ; Cambden will "have it, that Thanes were only dignify 'd by fome Offices which they bore.

There were two Kinds or Orders of Thanes : The King's Thanes, and the Ordinary Thanes.

The Firfr, were thofe who attended our Bnglifi-Saxon Kings in their Courts ; and who held Lands immediately of the King; whence, in T)oomfday-Book, they are promifcuoufly call'd Thani and Serviettes Regis,

Soon after the Conqueft, the Name was difufed ; and in- stead thereof they were call'd the King's Barons, Barones Regis. See Baron.

As to Dignity, they took Place next after Knights.

Their Origin is referr'd to King Canutus, who, taking the chief of '"'the Z)anifi Nobility, to the Number of 3000, for his Guard ; and arming them with Battle Axes and Sabres with gilt Handles, call'cl them Tking-lith, from the Two 2)ani(Ij Words Theing or Them or Tein, Body of Nobility, and Zith, Order of Battel.

The ordinary Thanes or Thanii Minores, were the Lords of Manors, who had particular Jurifdiction within their Limits, and over their own Tenants. See Lord and Manor.

Thefe, too, changed their Name for that of Barons 5 arict hence their Courts are call'd Courts Baron, to this Day. See Court and Baron-

In old Authors, Charters, &c. we meet with Thane, as dignifying a Nobleman ; fometimes, a Freeman, and fometimes a Mcgijirate.

THANE Lands, were Lands granted by Charter of thd Saxon Kings to their Thanes.

THAUMATURGUS, q. d. Worker of Miracles ; an Ap- pellation which the Romanics give to feveral of their Saints. See Saint.

St. Gregory I'hatimamrgus, or Gregory of Neocgfarea, was; a Difciple of Origen, about the Year 223 ; and afterwards Bifhop of Cffarea in c Pontus ; and in that Capacity affifted at the Firfl: Council of A?itioch, and at that of Ephejm againft- Paulus Samofatamis.

St. Leo o'tCatanea, is alfo ufually call'd S= Leo Thamnatur- gns: He lived in the VI II th Century j and his Body is Still honour'd at Rorae in the Church of S. Martin de Tours.

St. Francis Paul, and St. Francis Xavier, are the great Thatimaturgi of thefe laft Ages. See Miracle.

The Word is form'd from the Greek, Sav^a,-, wonderful thing, and lyyov, ivork.

THAWING, the Refolution of Ice into its former fluid! State, by the Warmth of the Air, &c. See Ices fee alfo Freezing.

THEANDRIC, a Term Signifying Divine and Fluman under cine 5 or God-Man ; form'd from £ £ 3 f, God, and dviip, Man.

S. Dionyfws^ Bifhop of Athens, firft ufed the Word Thean- dric, to exprefs the two Kinds of Operations in JefusChrift 5 the one divine, the other human : The Monoihelites after- wards abufed it, to Signify the one only Operation which they admitted in Jefus Chrifi ; in whom they believed there was a Mixture of the divine and human Nature, whence refulted a third Nature, which was a Compound of the one and the other, whofe Operations follow'd the Effence and Qualities of the Mixture, and were neither divine nor human ; but both at once, or, in one Word, Theandric. See Operation and

MONOTHELITE,

The Term Theandric^ and the Dogma of Theandric Ope- rations were examined with great Care and Attention, at the! Council of the Later an, held in 649; where Pope Martin fblidly refuted the Notion of Theandric Operatims, and' fhew'd, That the Senfe wherein S. Dionyfhts firfl uftd the Word, was Catholic, and quite remote from that of the Mono- ihelites.

THEANTHB.OPOS, a Term fometimes ufed in the Schools, to Signify the Perfon of Jefus Chrift, who is really 'F'heanthropos, i. e. God-Man; from the Greek, &z:s,!Deus, and <4p9poT©-, Homo, Man.

THEATER or Theatre, Theatrum, among the Ancients, a Public Edifice, for the exhibiting of Spectacles or Shews to the People. See Spectacle.

Under the Word Theater was comprehended, not only the Eminence whereon the Actors appear'd, and the Action pa'fs'd 5 but alfo the whole Area, or Extent of the Place, common to the Actors and Spectators.

In thisSenfe, the Theater was a Building encompafs'd with Portico's, and furnifhed with Seats of Stone, difpofed in a Semi-circle, and afcending by degrees over one another; which encompafs'd a Space, call'd the Orchefira, in the Front whereof was the Profcenium, or Pulpitum i whereon the Actors perform'd, and which is what we properly call the Theater or Stage. See Orchestra and Proscenium.

On the Profcenium flood the Scena, a large Front, adorn'd with Orders of Architecture, behind which was the Pofice- niura, or Place where the Actors made themfelves ready, re- tired, £5?f. So that the Scena, in its full Extent, compre- hended all the Part belonging to the Actors. See Scena s Postcenium, ££>£.

In the Greek Theaters, the Orcheflra made a Part of the Scena ; but in the Roman Theaters, none of the Actors ever defcended into the Orcheitra ; which was taken up by the Seats of the Senators.

The mod celebrated Theaters remaining of Antiquity, are the Theater of Marcellus, and that of Pompey, which are alfo call'd Amphitheaters. See Amphitheater.

At Athens, are flill feen, the Remains of the Temple of Bacchus, which was the rlrft- Theater in the World, and a Mafter-piece in Architecture. All Theaters were confecrated to Venus and Bacchus.

The Word is form'd from the Greek, SU^oy, Spectacle, Shew, of ^5 ttiy/ /tfj, fpetlo 7 video, I fee

.Theater, among the Moderns, is the Stage, or Place whereon the Drama, or Play is exhibited - 7 anfwering to the Scena of the Ancients. See Drama.

In its full Latitude, however, the Theater includes the whole Play-Houfe ; in which Senfe, it is a fpacious Room, or Hall, part whereof is taken up by the Scena, which com- prehends the Stage, the Decorations and the Machines ; and the reft diftribute'd into a Space, call'd the Pit, or parterre, [ E e e ] which