Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/853

 T E R [ 196 ;

Scientia infenfati inenarrabilia verba.

T E R

Term, in the Arts, or Term of Art, is a Word, which, hefides the literal and popular Meaning which it has, or may have, in common Language, bears a further and peculiar Meaning in fome Art or Science. See Art.

Or, zTerm is a Word which has one or more Meanings befide its Grammatical one ; or which has a peculiar Force or Import in the Language of fome particular Science, or Art.

A Word then becomes a Term, when its Idea is render'd more complex, confifts of more Parts, and includes more fpe- cial Circumftances on fome Occafions than on others.

'Tis this greater Complexnefs, this Excefs of conftituent Parts in the Idea, that denominates it a Term in the general.

Further, as the Parts of the Idea fignify'd by any Word are arbitrary ; and as one may not only add new Parts to thofe contain'd in the literal Meaning, but alfo fuper-add others to them, alter them, extend them, and otherwife mo- dify them, at Pleafure : Hence, the fame Word becomes a Term of this, or that Art, or both, as the Inventors and Im- provers of thofe Arts, have thought fit to adopt it for the common Bafis of certain Ideas, and to modify and circum- flantiate its Meaning to the Ufe of their refpeflive Arts.

See the Nature and Office of a Term further illultrated in the Preface to this Work. See alfo the Article Definition.

Term, in Lcgic. A Propofition is faid to confift of two Terms, i. e. two principal and effential Words, the Subject and the Attribute. See Proposition.

A Syllogifm confifts of three Terms, the Major, Minor, and Qmckitim. A Syllogifm containing four Terms, is vici- ous. See Syllogism.

Terms of an Equation, in Algebra, are the feveral Names or Members of which it is compos'd, and fuch as have the fame unknown Letter, but in difxetent Powers and Degrees ; for if the fame unknown Letter be found in feveral Members in the fame Degree or Power, they all pafs but for one Term. See Equation.

Thus' in this Equation aa-\-ab = R, the three Terms are aa, ah, and R ■■ And in this, aa-\-ab-±-ac=Rd-\-dc, the Terms ure, aa, ab-\-ac, an&Rd-\-dc; which are but three, becaufe ab-\-ac, having a in the fame Dimenfion in both Parts, is taken but for one Term.

Hence, the firft Term in any Equation, muft be that where the unknown Root hath the higheft Dimenfions 5 and that Term which hath the Root in it of one Dimenfion of Power lower, is call'd thifecond Term ; and fo on.

Terms of Troportion in Mathematicks, are fuch Numbers, Letters, or "Quantities, as are compar'd one with another. See Proportion.

Thus, if + " f : ! * - '? then a, b, c, d, or 4, 8, 6, 12, are call'd the Terms ; of which a is call'd the firft Term, b the fecond Term, &c. a and c are call'd the two Antecedents, and b and d the two Covfequents. See Antecedent and Con- sequent.

Terms, or Courfes in Medicine, the Menfes or Woman s monthly Purgations. See Menses.

TERMINALIA, in Antiquity, Feafls celebrated by the Romans, in Honour of the God Terminus. See Feast.

In Reality, theTermimlia, or Feaft of Land-Marks, was held in Honour of Jupiter, confider'd in the Capacity of Confervaror of Land-Marks or Bounds. Ttionyfms Halicar- najpevs tells us, that it was Numa Tomfilms who firft con- fecrated Land-Marks to Jupiter ; and adds, that the fame Prince appointed an AnniVerfary Day, wherein the Country People afTembling together on the Bounds of the Lands, JTiould offer Sacrifices in Honour of the Tutelary Gods thereof.

, The Terminalia were held on the ;th, or, as Struvius will have it, on the 10th of the Calends of March. No Animal was to be iacrlfic'd herein, it being deem'd unlawful to {tain the Land-Marks with Biood. They only ofFer'd Sacrifices of the Firft-Fruirs of the Earth 5 and this in the open Air, and on the Spot where the Land-Marks were.

Varro is of Opinion this Feaft took its Name from the End of the Year: But Feffus is of a different Sentimenr, and derives it from the Name of the Deity in whofe Ho- nour it was held.

TERMINATION, in Grammar, the ending of a Word; or the laft Syllables thereof.

Tis the different Terminations of one, and the fame Word, on different Occafions, that make the different Cafes, Numbers, Tenfes and Moods, $$c. See Case, Number, Tense, &c.

TERMINISTS, a Seel or Party among the Calvinifts, whofe particular Tenets are reducible to Five Points.

i° That there are feveral Perfons, both in and out of the Church, to whom God has fix'd a certain Term before their Death, after which he no longer wills their Salvation, how long foever they live afterwards. i° That God has fix'd this foal Term of Grace, by a fecret Decree. 3 That this

Term once elapfed, he makes them no further Offer of Re- pentance or Salvation $ but takes away from his Word, all the Power it might have to convert them. 4 That 'Fharoah, Saul, Judas, moft of the Je-ws, and many of the Gentiles were of this Number. 5? That God {fill bears with feveral of thefe Sort of People, and even confers Benefits on them after the Term expired ; but that he does not do it with any Intention they fhould be converted.

All the other Proteftants, and particularly the Lutherans, look on thefe Articles with Abhorrence, as repugnant to the Goodnefs of God, as deffrucfive to all Chriffian Virtue, and as contrary to Scripture, particularly the following Texts ; Ez-ek. xviii. 23, 30, 31, 32. xxxiii. 11. 1 Tim.u. 1, 16. 2. c Pet. in. 9. dasxm.'$o t 31. Mat.xi. 28. Tj^.lxv. 2. Help. iii. 7, 13. Rom. iv, 5, &c.

Terra, in Geography Terra, in Chymiifry Terra, in natural Hiftory

See Earth.

Terra T)amnata Terra Lemma

Terra Japonica Terra Sigillata Terra. Merita

y= Caput Mortuum, \ Lemniam. See / Japon Earth.

)SlGILLATA.

CTurmeric.

TERRA, a Terra, Galleys, and other VefTels, are faid to go Terra, a Terra when they never go far from the Coafis. See Coasting.

The Phrafe is alfo apply'd in the Manage, to Horfes, which neither make Curvets nor Balotades, but run fmoothly on the Ground, on a prefs'd Gallop, only making little Leaps or Rifings fomething with the fore Feet-

The Terra, a Terra, is a Series of very low, eafy Leaps, which a Horfe makes forward, bearing fidewife, and work- ing on two, Treads. In this Motion he lifts both Legs at once ; and when thofe are on the Point of defcending, they are accompany'd by the hind Legs, with a fhort and quick Ca- dence, always bearing and {faying on the Haunches, fo that the Motions of the hind Quarters are very fhort and quick.

The Term is alfo apply'd to Dancers who cut no Capers, nor fcarce quit the Ground, Hence it is alfo figuratively apply'd to Authors, whofe Stile and Diclion is low and creeping.

TERRACE, or TERRAS, a Bank of Earth, raifed in a Garden, Court, &c. above the Level of the Ground.

The Terras is an Earth-work ufually lined and breafted with a firong Wall, in Compliance with the natural Inequa- lity of the Ground. Sometimes it is made in Talus, or a- ilope, and cover'd with Turf. A Counter-terrace, is a Ter- race railed over another, for the joining of the Ground, or the railing a Parterre,

Terrace is alfo applied to the Roofs of Houfes that are flat, and whereon one may walk 5 as alfo to Balconies that project. See Roof.

The Terrace is properly the Covering of a Building, which is in Plat-form ; as that of the Periftyle of the Louvre 3 or that of the Obfervatory, paved with Flint and Mortar. All the Buildings of the Oriental Nations, are cover'd with Terrajfes, to take the frefh Air on, and even to lie on. See Vlkt Form.

TERRA-iw/w, in Geography, is fometimes ufed for a Continent 5 in Contradiftincfion to Iflands. See Conti- nent.

Thus AJta, the Indies and South America are ufually 'diftinguifh'd into Terra-firma's and Iflands. See Island.

In our ancient Law-Books, we meet with Terra in the Senfe of Land or Ground ; joined with divers Additions ; as,

Terra Norma?wrum, the Lands of fuch Nor?m?i Noble- men, as were forfeited to the Crown, by the Owners taking Part with the French King, againft King Henry III. — Terra Fnifca, fuch Land as has not been lately plough'd. — Terra Gilliflorata, Land held by the Tenure of paying a Gilliflower

yearly. See Service. Terra Veftita, Land fown with

Corn, and the Crop ftill remaining thereon. Terra Tejla-

mentaUs, Land held free from feodal Services, and devifable

by Will. Terra culta, Land that is Till'd and Manur'd,

in Contradift in&ion to Terra Inculta t — Terra Affirmata %

Land let out to Farm. Terra T)offlwica, or Indominitata,

Demain Land of a Manor. See Demain. Terra

Hydata, was Land fubjecl: to the Payment of Hydage. See

Hydage. Terra Lucrabilis, Land that may be gajn'd

from the Sea, or inclofed out of a Waffe or Common, to par- ticular Ufes. Terra Wainabilis, Tillage Land. Terra

V/areBa, Fallow Land. Terra Sofcalis, Wood Land, ££c.

Terra extendenda, is a Writ directed to the Efcheator, £#". willing him to inquire and find out the true yearly "Value of any Land, &c. by the Oath of 12 Men, and certify the Extent into Chancery. See Escheator.

TERRAGE, TERRAGIUM, anciently fignified a Service, in which a Tenant or VafTal was bound to his Lord, to plough and reap the Ground for him, See Precarious.

Others