Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/851

 TEN

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TEN

the leaning of another, and it becomes fo much the more fervicable, as they happen to be Contraries.

The Reftringcnts are fuch as are of ufe in other Fluxes. See Diarrhea, Dysentery, £5?c.

TENET, a particular Opinion, Dogma, or Do£trine, profeffedly held by ibme Divine, Philoibpher, H$c. See Dogma.

The diftinguifhing Tenets of the feveral Seils in Religion and Philofbphy, fee under the Names of the Seits them- felves. See alio 1 j hilosopher, Sect, &c.

TENMENTALE, or TEMANTALE, in our ancient Cuftoms, originally fignifies the Number of Ten Men - 7 which Number, in thef Time of the Iwglift Saxons, was calVd a 2te cen na ry 5 and ten Decennaries made what we call a Hundred. See Decenna and Hundred.

Thele ten Men were bound for each other to preferve the publick Peace ; and if any of them was found guilty of a Breach thereof, the other nine were to make Satis tail: ion, or to bring the Criminal before the King. See Friburg.

The Word was alfo us'd for a Duty, or Tribute paid to the King, confiding of two Shillings for each Ploughland ; which was probably thus call'd, by Realbn each Pcrlbn of the Decennary was bound to lee it paid.

TENNY, or TAWNY, in Heraldry, a bright Colour, made of Red and Yellow mix'd ; ibme times alio call'd SfUSk, and exprefs'd in Engraving by thwart or diagonal Srrokes or Hatches, like Purpure, and mark'd with the Letter T. See Purpure.

In the Coats of all below the Degree of Nobles, it is call'd Tenny ; but in thofe of Nobles, it is call'd Hyacinth 5 and in Princes Coats, the H)ragons Heed.

TENON, in Building, &c. the End of a Piece of Wood, or Metal, diminifh'd by one Third of its Thickneis, to be rcceiv'd into a Hole in another Piece, call'd the Mortife, for the jointing or fattening the two together. See Mor- tise.

Among Joiners, £=?r. the Tenon is made in various Forms, fcjuare, Dove tail'd, for double Mortiles, &c.

Vitruvhts calls the Tenons-, Cardines ; Dove-tail 'd Tenons he calls Sitbfcudes, or Securicl<£. See DovE-r^/7.

TENOR, TENOUR, the Purport or Content of a Writing or Inftrument in Law, &c. Warrants iffu'd for the Confirmation of Sentences, exprefs, that they fhall be ex- ecuted according to their Form and Tenor,

It was impoflible to retain fo long a Speech Word for Word, but the Subftance, the Tenor is this.

Tenor in Mt/uk, the firft mean or middle Part ; or that which is the ordinary Pitch or Tenor of the Voice, when not either rais'd to the Treble, or lower'd to the Bale. See Part and Music.

The Tenor is frequently mark'd on thorough Bafles with the Letter T.

The Tenor is a Part which almoft all grown Perfons can fing. But as ibme have a greater Compafs of Voice up- wards, others downwards, others are confin'd to a kind of Medium, and others can go equally either higher or lower 5 hence many Muficians make a Variety of Tenors, as a low Tenor, a mean T'enor, a high T'enor \ a natural T'enor 5 to which is alfo added, area cling Tenor, Violin T'enor, &c

The Italians ufually diftinguifh no more than two Kinds of Tenors, viz-, Tenore primo, or P° or 1°, which anfwers to our upper Tenor ; and Tenore fecitndo, or 2 or 11°, which is our natural Tenor; confounding the others under the Word Saritono.

Tenor is alfo us'd for a Perfon who fings that Part in Concert ; or for an Inftrument proper to play it.

TENORE Inditlamenti miltendo, is a Writ whereby the Record of an Indictment is call'd out of another Court into Chancery.

TENSE, Time, in Grammar, an Inflexion of Verbs, whereby they are made to fignify or diftinguifh. the Circum- ftance of Time of the Thing they affirm, or attribute. See Verb.

The Affirmations made by Verbs, are different as to Point of Time 5 fince we may affirm a Thing is, or was, or will he: Hence, a Neceflity of a Set of Inflections, to denote thofe feveral Times 5 which Inflections, our Englift Gram- marians call by a barbarous Word Tenfes, from the French temps; mod other Languages call them fimple Times.

There are but three fimple Tenfes, the <Prefent j as, I love, Amo : the Ureter, or Treterit, or <Pajl ; as, I have lov'd, Amavi : and the Future 5 as, I will love, Amabo. See Pr e-

SENT, &C.

But in regard, in the Prefer one may either exprefs the Thing as jufl done, or paft, or indefinitely and barely that it was done ; Hence, in moft Languages, arife two Kinds of Preterits ; the one definite, marking the Thing to be pre- cifelydone; as, 1 have written, I have [aid: And the other indefinite or aorift, denoting a Thing done indeterminately 5 as, Fivrote, I -went. See Preter.

The future Tenfe admits of the fame Variety. See Fu- ture.

Befide the three fimple Tenfes, others have been invented, call'd compound Tenfes 5 expretfing the Relation of the fim- ple ones to each other : The firft expreffes the Relation of the patt to the preient, and is call'd the preterimperfecJ Tenje, becauie it does not mark the Thing limply, and pro- perly as done, but as imperfect and preient with reipect to another Thing pad ; as, I was at Supper when he enter" d j Cum intravit ctenabam.

The fecond compound Time marks the pair, doubly, and is therefore call'd the plufquamperfeB Tenfe i as,Ihadfufp'd, Cecnavera?n.

The third compound Tenfe denotes the Future with re- flect to the Palt, as, I fhall havefupp\4, Qenavero.

The feveral Tenfes or Times, it is to be obferv'd, are pro- perly denoted in the Greek and Latin by particular Inflecti- ons ; in the Bnglip, French, and other modern Tongues, the auxiliary Verbs to be and to have, etre and avoir, are call'd in. .

As to the Oriental Languages, they have only two fimple Tenfes, the Pafs'd and Future, without any Diltinclions of imperfect, more than perfect, &c. which renders thofe Languages iubject to abundance of Ambiguities which others are free from.

TENSION, the State of a Thing bent, or the Effort made to bend it.

Animals only fuftain and move themfelves by the Tenfion of their Mufcles, and Nerves. A Chord or String gives an acuter or a deeper Sound, as it is in a greater or lefs Degree of Tenfion. See Chord.

TENSOR, in Anatomy. See Extensor.

TENT, Tabernacle, a Pavillion, or portable Lodge, un- der which to fhelter in a Campagne, gsfe from the injuries of the Weather. See Tabernacle.

Armies encamp under Tents* Moft of the Tartars and Arabs are wandnng People, that lodge under Tents. The Hebrews lodg'd forty Years under Tents in the Dcfart - 7 which gave Occafion to the Scenopegy or Feaft of Taber- nacles. See Scenopegy.

The Word is form'd from the Latin tentorium, of tendo y I flretch 5 in regard Tents are ufually made of Canvas flretch'd out, and fuftain'd by Poles.

Tent, in Chirurgery, is a Roll of Lint, made in a parti- cular Form, put into Wounds whofe Suppuration is not per- fect -j or where there is a Quantity of Matter contain'd in the Tumor, more than what comes out at the firft Dreffing, £5c. See Wound, &g.

Tents are us'd in order to hinder the clofing too foon. But feveral Chirurgical Writers, and particularly the Author of the Hofpital Surgeon, gives us numerous Inflances, where- in the Uie, efpecially of hard Tents, has prov'd prejudi- cial in protracting the Cure, bringing on Inflammations, Sinus's, Mortifications, t£!c. in Wounds and Ulcers. To remedy this, he propoies, that the Liniments, ££?c. be made of a liquid Coniiftence, either naturally, or by warming them j and that where Tents may feem indifpenfably necei- fary, as in large Cavities, the Orifice may be enlarg'd, and foft Dofils put in inftead of them, which will prevent the Mifchiefs commonly attending Tents. See Ulcer.

TENTATIVE, is Sometimes ufed Adjectively; thus we fay, a Tentative Method, meaning a kind of unartful or indirect Method, which only proceeds by trying.

Tentative is alio ufed Subftantively, for anEffay, or Effort, whereby we try our Strength, or found an Affair, I5>c. to fee whether or no it will fucceed.

In the French Univerlities, a Tentative is the firft Thefis or A£l, which a Student in the Theology School, holds to fhew his Capacity 5 if he anfwers well, the Degree of Bachelor is conferr'd on him.

TENTER, called alio Tryer&nd Trover^ Machine ufed in the Cloth Manufactory, to flretch out the Cloths, Stuffs, &c. or only to make them even, and fet them fquare. See Cloth.

'Tis ufually about Four Feet and a Half high, and for Length, exceeds that of the longed Piece of Cloth.

It confifts of feveral long fquare Pieces of Wood, placed like thofe which form the Barriers of a Manage, fo, however, as that the lower Crofs-piece of Wood may be rais'd or lower'd, as is found requifite, to be fix'd at any Height, by means of Pins. Along the Crofs-pieces, both the upper and under one, are hookedNails, call'd Tenter-hooks, placed from Space to Space.

To put a Tiece of Cloth on the Tenter : While the Piece is yet quite wet, one End is faften'd to one of the Ends of the Tenter, then 'tispull'd by Force of Arms towards the other End, to bring it to the Length required; That other End being faften'd, the upper Lift is hook'd on to the upper Crofs- piece, and the loweft Lift to the lower Crofs-piece, which is afterwards lower'd by Force, 'till the Piece have its defired Length. Being thus well flretch'd, both as to Length and Breadth ; they brufh it with a ftiff Hair-brufh, and thus let it dry. Then they take it off; and till they wet it again, it will ftill retain the Width and Breadth the Tenter save it.

TENTH,