Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/850

 TEN

For fhefe Reafons, the Temille is now excluded out of Fortification by the beft Engineers ; and never made, but where there wants Time to form a Horn-work.

'Double or Flank'd Ten aieee, is a large Out-work, con- fining of two fimple Tensities, or two °re-entring Annies FGH and HIK (Fig. 9} This is now, alfo, excluded out of Fortification for the fame Reafons as the former.

Tenaille of the "Place, is the Face of the Place, com- prehended between the Points of Two neighbouring Bailions ; including the Curtain, the two Flanks raffed on the Curtain, and the two Sides of the Baftions which face one another. See Bastion, Curtain, £5r.

So that the Temille is the fame with what is otherwife call'd, the Face of a Fortrefs. See Fortified 'Place.

Tenaille of the "Ditch, is a low Work raifed before the Curtain, in the Middle of the Fofs or Ditch. It is of three Sorts : The Firft is compofed of a Curtain, two Flanks and two Faces. The Rampart of the Curtain, including the Parapet and Talus, is but five Fathom thick, but the Ram- part of the Flanks and Faces Seven.

The Second, which Vauian faith, he found to be of very good Defence, is compofed only of two Faces, made on the Lines of Defence, whofe Rampart and Faces arc parallel.

The third Sort differs from the Second, only in this, that its Rampart is parallel to the Curtain of the Place.

All three Sorts are good Defences for the Ditch, and lie fo low, that they cannot be hurt by the Befiegers Cannon, till they are Mailers of the Covert-way, and have planted their Cannon theic.

TENANCY, a Habitation or Houfe to live in, or a Tene- ment, or PofTeflion held of another. See Tenement

TENANT or TENENT, in Law, one that holds or poITefTes Lands and Tenements, by any kind of Right, either in Fee, for Life, Years, or at Will. SccPossession.Tenure, &c.

The Term Tenant, is ufed in Law with divers Additions : Thus, Tenant in "Do'Jter, is Hie that poffeffes Lands by Virtue of her Dower. See Dower.

Tenant per Statute-Merchant, holds Land by Virtue of a Statute, forfeited to him. See St as: ma.- Merchant.

Tenant in Frank Marriage, is he that holds Lands or Tenements by Virtue of a Gift thereof made to him upon Marriage between him and his Wife. See Tin. Ann-Marriage. Tenant by Conrtefy, holds for his Life, by reafon of a Child begotten by him of his Wife, being an Inheritrix and born alive. See Courtesy.

Tenant by Elegit, holds by Virtue of the Writ call'd an Elegit. See Elegit.

Tenant in Mortgage, holds by means of a Mortgage. See Mortgage.

Tenant by Verge, in ancient Dcmcfne, is he who is ad- mitted by the Rod in the Court of an ancient Demefhe. See Verge and Demesne.

Tenant by Copy of Court Roll, is one admitted Tenant of any Lands, ££fr. within a Manor, which Time out of Mind, have been Demifablc according to the Cuftam of the Manor. See Copyhold. Tenant paravail. SeePARAvAiL. Tenant by Charter, is he that holdcth by Feoffment in Writing or other Deed. See Charter.

Tenant in Capite or Chief, holdeth of the King in Right of his Crown. See Capite.

Tenant of the King, is he that holdeth of the Perfon of the King.

Joint Tenants have equal Right in Lands or Tenements by Virtue of one Title.

Tenants in common, have equal Right ; but hold by divers Titles. A 'Particular Tenant holds only for this Term. A Sole Tenant, is he, who hath no other joined with him ; and a Tenant by Execution, is he who holds by Virtue of an Execution upon any Statute, Recognizance, i$c.

Anciently, there was alfo tenant by Knight-Service, Tenant in Burgage, Tenant in Socage, Tenant in Frank-Fee, Tenant in Villenage ; and there is fiJll Tenant in Fee-fimfle, Tenant in Fee tail, Tenant upon Sufferance, &c. See Knights Service, Burgage, Socage, Villenage, Fee- Simple, Tail, Sufferance, l$c.

Tenent, in Heraldry, is ufed forfomething that fuftains, or holds up the Shield, or Armory 5 and is generally fynony- mous wirh Supporter.

The Difference which fome Authors make between them, is, that TenentS are fingle, and Supporters double ; one placed on each Side the Shield. But the proper Diftinftion feems to confift in this, that TenentS are human Figures, and Sup- porters, Figures of Beafls.

There are various Forms of TenentS, as well as of Sup- porters, via. Angels, Maids, Religious, Savages, Moors, fjc. The firft TenentS, F. Menefiier obferves, were Trunks or Branches of Trees ; to which the Efcutcheons were faften'd by Straps and Buckles. Afterwards, the Knights were re- prefentcd as holding their own 'Scutcheons, which were either tied to their Neck,' or clfe rhcy leant on them.

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The Origin of Tenents and Supporters is referr'd to the ancient Tournament, wherein the Cavaliers had their Arms bore by Servants difguis'd like Savages, Moors, fabulous Deities, Bears, Lions, tgc. See Supporter.

TENAR, in Anatomy, a Mufcle, whofe Office is to draw the Thumb from the Fore-finger. See Finger.

Its Antagoniftis call'd Jpniitemr. See Antiten ir

TENCH-iv/totf. See 2Wj-Fishing.

TENDER, in a legal Senfe, fignifics as much, as carefully to offer, or rireumfpeclly to endeavour the Performance of any Thing : Thus, to Tender Rents, is to offer it at the Time and Place, where and when it ought to be paid. To tender a Perfiu's Law of Summons, is to offer himfelf ready to make his Law, whereby to prove that he was not fum- moned.

Tender, in the Sea Language, is a Veflel, attending on fome other larger, and more confiderable one.

TENDlNG-yOTzj. See Tithing-?-^;)'.

TENDON, in Anatomy, a hard, white Part of a Mufcle, whereby it is faften'd to the Bone. See Muscle.

Moft Mufcles have, at leaft, two Tendons, one at each Extreme : that faften'd to the Part toward which the Motion is to be perform'd, is call'd the Head of the Mufcle ; and that faften'd to the Part drawn towards the other, the Tail of the Mufcle. See Head and Tail.

The Fibres, whereof the Tendons confift, have been fup- pofed to be Nervous ; but they are now found to be no other than Productions of the fame Fibres, which make the "Belly or Body of the Mufcle. All the Difference between them is, that in the Belly of the Mufcle they are lax, and at a Diftance from each other 5 whereas in the Tendon, they are more clofely and firmly connected.

Their Whitenefs proceeds wholly from the Blood's being excluded, by the Tightnefs of their Contexture : In effect, there is the fame Difference between them, that there is be- tween a Skein of Thread, and a Cord made of the fame Thtead.

The Fibres of the Tendons undergo no Contraction, or Dilatation, as thofe of the' Belly of the Mufcle do ; they acf as mere Cords, to draw the Parts towards each other.

The Suture of a Tendon, is a very delicate Operarion in Chirurgery. It had been abandon'd a long Time, and was not re-eftablifh'd till the laft Century by J. Bienaife. See Suture.

The PimBure of a. Tendon is very dangerous. See Puncture.

Mr. Ccmfer in the "Phihfipbkal TranfaBions, gives us an Account of a Cure of the great Tendon above the" Heel, after an intirC Divifion, by Sritchini.

TENEBRES, TENF.BR&, in the Romifh Church, a Service perform'd on the Wcdneflay, Thurfday and Friday before Fafter, in Commemoration of the Agony of our Saviour in the Garden. Sec Passion, X3c.

TENEMENT, TENANCY, in Law, a Houfe or Lands, depending of a Manor or Lordfhip ; or a Fee or Farm, held of a Superior Lord, and which he may re-call, when the Term or Condition is expired. See Lord andTENANT.

Frank Tenement, is any Lands, Houfes, Offices or the like, wherein a Man has Eftate for Life, or in Fee. — Safe Te- nement, is where a Man holds Lands, 0?c. at the Will of the Lord.

Kitchin, Briton, Gfc. make Frank Tenement and Safe Tenement, Oppofites; fo thatiT«K& Tenement fhould be where the Tenant is at liberty to quit it when he pleafes.

TENEMENT ARY Lands, among our Anceftors, were fuch Lands as the Saxon Thanes or Nobles let out to Tenants under arbitrary Rents and Services. See Tenant.

TENEMENT1S Legatis, in Law, a Writ which lies in London and other Places, where the Cuftom is to devife Tene- ments by laft Will, as well as perfonal Goods and Chattels ; for the Hearing of any Caufe relating hereto.

TENENTIBUS in Mfa non Onerandis, a Writ which lies for him to whom a Difleffor has made over Land, whereof he has diffeis'd of another ; that he be not difturb'd for the Damages awarded.

TENESMUS, in Medicine, a continual Inclination to go to Stool; yet without voiding any Thing, unlefs, fbmetimes, a little purulent bloody Slime.

The Caufe of the Tenefmus, is a fharp, pungent Flumour, irritating the Inteflinum Rectum and exciting fhofe ttouble- fome Endeavours to evacuate. Thofe affected wi th the Stone, are alfo fubject to the Tenefmus, from the Communication, or Confent between the Bladder and the Rectum.

The Word is form'd from the Greek, tilivy, tendere, to bend, in regard thofe attack'd with this Difeafe, feel a con- tinual Tenfion in the Fundament.

The Cure of a Tenefmus depends on proper Evacuations and Aftringents ; the former always preceding the latter ; fuch are Bleeding, if Plethoric, gentle Cathartics, efpecially of the Powder of Rhubarb, t£c. An Emetic of the Indian Root, Ipecacuanha, has been found of great Service in a long Handing Tenefmus; for the augmenting one Evacuation, is [ C c c ] the