Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 2.djvu/84

 LEG

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LEG

the Pope never gives this Office to any but his grcatelt Favourites and Confidents, who are always at his Side, d latere : that is, to the Cardinals. He may confer Benefices without Mandate, legitimate Baftards to hold Offices, and has a Crols carried before him as the Enfign of his Autho- rity. The Legates de lalere, are thofe who are not Cardinals, but are yet intrufted with an Apoflolical Legation. Legates

and Pronunciation. Alt we obferve on Medals, is fome- times a Mixture of Greek and Latin Letters, The Cha- racter was preferved in all its Beauty till the time of Gallian. From the time of Conjlantine, and tor the Space of 500 years, the Lathi Tongue alone was u!ed in the Legends of Medals, even in thole ltruck at Conjlantinople. Michael begun the firft, whofe Legend was in Greek, and

by Office are thofe who have hot any particular Legation from his Time the Language, as well as the Characters,

given them, but who by virtue of their Dignity and Place began to alter tor the worfe.

.-.'.. ~ t-f.WAwuu LEGION, a kind of Regiment or Body of Forces,

whereof the Roman Armies were compofed. The Num- ber of Soldiers and Officers whereof the Legion confided, was different at different Times : But 'tis impoflible to determine the precife Time and Manner of their Altera- tion. In the Time of Romulus each Legion contained 3000 Foot, and a Hundted Equites, or Knights: Thefe were divided into three Bodies, which made as many Orders of Battel. Each Body confuted of ten Companies, or Manipules, ranged at fome dittance from each other, tho in the fame Front. Each Body had two General Of- ficers to command it, called Tribune/, and each Mani pule two Centurions. Under the Confuls the Legion confuted of 4000 Men, who made four Bodies, commanded by a Confulorone of his Lieutenants, and each Legion had its fhare of Cavalry, which was from two to three hundred Horfe. Afterwards, in the time of Uarius, thefe four Divifions of the Legion were united into one, and aug- mented, and Cohorts were appointed from five to fix hun- dred Men, each under the Command of a Tribune. Each Cohort confifted of three Companies or Manipules, each Manipule of two Centuries, and the Legion divided into ten Cohorts, who made as many diftinct Battalions dif-

then, confifted

in the Chur'ch become Legates. Such are the Archbifhops of Rheims and Aries. But the Authority of thefe Legates is much inferior to that of the Legates a latere. The Power of a Legate is fometimes given without the Title. Some of the Nuntio's are invetted with it.

The Term Legate comes from that of Legatus,^ which Varro derives from legere to chute, and others from le- gare, delemre, to fend, delegate. See W^ttefatt.

LEGATORY, a Term ul'ed in fpeaking of the Go- vernment of the anticnt Romans ; Auguftus divided the Provinces of the Empire into Confular, Legatory, and'Pre- fidial. Legatory Provinces were thofe whereof the Empe- ror himfelf was Governour, but where he did not refide, but adminiflrcd Affairs by his Lieutenant or Legatus.

LEGATUS, or LEGAT, among the Romans, was an Officer of Dittinaion, who commanded under the firit or leading Officer. Of thefe there were two Kinds, mz. a Legatus in the Army under the General, anfwermg to our Licutcnant-General, and a Legatus in the Provinces under the Proconful or Governour. When any conlidera- ble Perfon among the Roman Citizens had occafion to pals thro' any of rhe Provinces, the Senate gave him the Title of ie-oiw ; that is, of Envoy from the Senate,

to the h the greater Refpecl, and pofed in three Lines ; fo that the Legi> that the Cities and Towns th:

defray his Expences. This they call'd a free Legation in regard the Perfon was not incumber' d with any Truft

and might lay it afide as foon as he pleated.

LEGEND was originally a Book ufed in the old Ro- mi% Churches, containing the Lcfions that were to be read in the holy Office: hence the Lives ot Saints and Martyrs came to be call'd Legends; becaufe Chapters were to be read out of them at Matins, and in the Keiec- tories of the Religious Houfes. The Golden Legend is a Colleaion of the Lives of the Saints, complied by James JeVarafe, better known by his Latin Name oi J. de V<h

tame, Vicar General of the Dominicans, an iichbiftiopofGewofl, who djedjn 1298^ It into the Church with rained for 100 Years ;

nd afterwards was received

i, to the Church with a world of App aufe which it main- and romantic Accounts, that the Romanes themfetves are now generally afhamed of it. The Word Legend it felf is on that account come into difrepute.
 * but in effect, is fo full of ridiculous

Teiend is alfo ufed to fignify the Words or Letters en- Word Legion comes from the Latin legere, to chuje ; en about the Edges, S£c. of Coins. Thus the Legend caufe when the Legions were raifed, thej made choi of a Trench Crown, is, Sit nomen Domini BenediBum; that of a Motdore, In hoc Signo vmees ; and on thofe of the laft Pmoerors of Conjlantinople, we find, Jefus Chnflm Bafileus SST'HS XPS NTKA »,mft«nn«u

Legend is alfo ufed for the Infcriptions of Medals,

wKferve to explain the Figures _or Device. W"«*

T „°- j t — .1— ..' which he travelled might of five or fix Thoufand Men. Ifidore tells us, that the

Legion confifted of fix Thoufand Men, divided into fixty Centuries, thirty Manipules, twelve Cohorts, and two Hundred Troops. According to the French Academy, the Legion cort&lied of fix Thoufand Foot, and feven Hun- dred twenty-five Horfe. The Legions were by far the moft confiderable part of the Roman Army ; their Num- ber in the time of Augujlus was thirty-three ; they were compofed wholly of Roman Citizens. The Allies formed a Body of Auxiliary Forces. The Standard bore by the Legions was as various. At firft a Wolf, in honour of that which fuckled Romulus, afterwards a Hog ; by reafon, fays Romulus, War is only undertaken with a View to Peace, which was concluded by facrificing a Hog. Some- times they bore the Minotaur, to remind their General that their Defigns were to be kept fecret, and inacceffible as the Minotaur in the Labyrinth. They alfo bore a Horfe, a Boar, i$c. Tliny tells us, that Marius was the firft who changed all thefe Standards into Eagles. The

be- ioice of fuch of their Youth as were the molt proper to bear Arms.

LEGISLATOR, he who makes the Laws of a King- dom, or State, which he has founded. The principal an- tient Legijlators are, Mofes, Legiflator of the Hebrews ; Mer- curius Trijmegiftus and Bococes of the Egyptians; Italia of the OEnotrians; Thefeus, Draco, and Solon of the Athenians ; Zoroajler of the Baftrians ; Charondas of the Cappadocians 5 and Charondas, or Fhaleas, of the Carthaginians ; Andro- damas of the Chalcidians ; Eudoxus of the Cnidians ; Fhido of the Corinthians ; Ephorus and Minos of the Cretans ; Py- thagoras of the Crotoniates, and moft of the Cities of Grm- cia Major ; Tarmenides and Zeno of Elea in Lucania ; Ar- ribas, ox Tbarcitas, of the Epicores ; Zamolnis of the Geta 5 Fhoroneus of the Greeks 5 Bacchus of the Indians ; Saturn; of Italy ; Macarius of the Ijle of Lesbos ; Zaleucus of the Locrians ; Nicodortts Athleta of the City of Mutina ; Hippo- dome of Miletus ; Charonidas of Rheggio ; Lycurgus of the Lacedemonians; Archytas of Tarentum ; Philolaus of the Thebans. At Rome the People were, in great meafure, their own Legijlators, tho' Solon may be faid, in fome fenfe, to have been their Legijlator, in regard the Decem- viri, who were created for the making of Laws, borrowed a great Number from thofe of Solon.

LEGITIMATION, an Aft by which Natural Children are rendered legitimate. The Father and Mother by marrying render their Children begotten before Marriage legitimate, and this is called Legitimation, per fubfequens Matrimonium. The Right of Legitimation was a thing un- known to Princes till the time of Conjlantine, but fince his Time has been exercifed by moft of them. The Greek Emperors invented feveral kinds of Legitimation. Anajla- Jius put it in the power of the Father to legitimate his natural Children by a bare Adoption, provided he had no legitimate Children. But Jujiin by his Conftitution, ' and Jujlinian by his Novel 74, abolifhed this Legitima- tion, as fearing the too eafy accefs to Legitimation fhould encourage Concubinage. In lieu of this he eftablifhed a

way

lafdeon, IHSXr -A, fy* ^"l^Tt

•end, is alf which ferve to explain the Figures nets the Legend differs from the Infcr.ption ; this h I operly fignlfying Words placed on the Reverie : of a MeLl, in the place of Figures It teems as if he An- tients had intended their Medals fhould ferve both as Images and as Emblems 5 the one for the common Peo- r,Te and the other for Perfons of Qua^y and Parts : the Cg".o reprefen.the Faces of Princes, and Emblems

o reprefent their Virtues and great Actions : So that the Legend to be looked on as the Soul of the Medal, and ^Figures as the Body. Every Medal has twe > Legends, Sat on the Front, and that on the- Reverie. The firft, for the generality, ferves only to d.flmguifh the Perfon by his Name, Titles, Offices, E*. the J«ter ,s intended ,0 exprefs his noble and virtuous Sentiments his good Deeds, and the Advantages the Public has reap d by him; this however does not hold univerfally, for we fometimes

find the Titles (bared between both Sides, andfomet.me the Leiend. In the Medals of Cities and Provinces, as the Head is ufually the Genius of the Place, or at leaft fome Deity adored there ; the Legend is the Name of the Ci y Province, or Deity, or of both together 5 and the Reverfe, fome Symbol of the City fc. frequent- ly without a Legend ; fometimes with that of one of its Magistrates. 'The Subject of Legends are the Virtues of Princes, the Honours they have teceiv d, Confecrations, fignal Events, public Monuments, Deities, public Vows,

V 'Te l gefds' ami Infcriptions of Medals are either in Latin or Greek. The Greet Chafer, confift.ng of Majufcule or Capital Letters, appears uniform on all the Medals, no Change or Alteration appearing in confronting the feveral Characters tho 'tis certain there was in the ordinary Ufe